"""
mfnwt module.  Contains the ModflowNwt class. Note that the user can access
the ModflowNwt class as `flopy.modflow.ModflowNwt`.

Additional information for this MODFLOW package can be found at the `Online
MODFLOW Guide
<http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modflow-nwt/MODFLOW-NWT-Guide/nwt_newton_solver.htm>`_.

"""

import sys
from ..pakbase import Package


class ModflowNwt(Package):
    """
    MODFLOW Nwt Package Class.

    Parameters
    ----------
    model : model object
        The model object (of type :class:`flopy.modflow.mf.Modflow`) to which
        this package will be added.
    headtol : float
        is the maximum head change between outer iterations for solution of
        the nonlinear problem. (default is 1e-4).
    fluxtol : float
        is the maximum l2 norm for solution of the nonlinear problem.
        (default is 500).
    maxiterout : int
        is the maximum number of iterations to be allowed for solution of the
        outer (nonlinear) problem. (default is 100).
    thickfact : float
        is the portion of the cell thickness (length) used for smoothly
        adjusting storage and conductance coefficients to zero.
        (default is 1e-5).
    linmeth : int
        is a flag that determines which matrix solver will be used.
        A value of 1 indicates GMRES will be used
        A value of 2 indicates XMD will be used.
        (default is 1).
    iprnwt : int
        is a flag that indicates whether additional information about solver
        convergence will be printed to the main listing file.
        (default is 0).
    ibotav : int
        is a flag that indicates whether corrections will be made to
        groundwater head relative to the cell-bottom altitude if the cell is
        surrounded by dewatered cells (integer). A value of 1 indicates that a
        correction will be made and a value of 0 indicates no correction will
        be made. (default is 0).
    options : string
        SPECIFIED indicates that the optional solver input values listed for
        items 1 and 2 will be specified in the NWT input file by the user.
        SIMPLE indicates that default solver input values will be defined that
        work well for nearly linear models. This would be used for models that
        do not include nonlinear stress packages, and models that are either
        confined or consist of a single unconfined layer that is thick enough
        to contain the water table within a single layer.
        MODERATE indicates that default solver input values will be defined
        that work well for moderately nonlinear models. This would be used for
        models that include nonlinear stress packages, and models that consist
        of one or more unconfined layers. The MODERATE option should be used
        when the SIMPLE option does not result in successful convergence.
        COMPLEX indicates that default solver input values will be defined
        that work well for highly nonlinear models. This would be used for
        models that include nonlinear stress packages, and models that consist
        of one or more unconfined layers representing complex geology and sw/gw
        interaction. The COMPLEX option should be used when the MODERATE option
        does not result in successful convergence. (default is COMPLEX).
    Continue : bool
        if the model fails to converge during a time step then it will continue
        to solve the following time step. (default is False).  Note the capital
        C on this option so that it doesn't conflict with a reserved Python
        language word.
    dbdtheta : float
        is a coefficient used to reduce the weight applied to the head change
        between nonlinear iterations. dbdtheta is used to control oscillations
        in head. Values range between 0.0 and 1.0, and larger values increase
        the weight (decrease under-relaxation) applied to the head change.
        (default is 0.4).
    dbdkappa : float
        is a coefficient used to increase the weight applied to the head change
        between nonlinear iterations. dbdkappa is used to control oscillations
        in head. Values range between 0.0 and 1.0, and larger values increase
        the weight applied to the head change. (default is 1.e-5).
    dbdgamma : float
        is a factor (used to weight the head change for the previous and
        current iteration. Values range between 0.0 and 1.0, and greater values
        apply more weight to the head change calculated during the current
        iteration. (default is 0.)
    momfact : float
        is the momentum coefficient and ranges between 0.0 and 1.0. Greater
        values apply more weight to the head change for the current iteration.
        (default is 0.1).
    backflag : int
        is a flag used to specify whether residual control will be used. A
        value of 1 indicates that residual control is active and a value of 0
        indicates residual control is inactive. (default is 1).
    maxbackiter : int
        is the maximum number of reductions (backtracks) in the head change
        between nonlinear iterations (integer). A value between 10 and 50
        works well. (default is 50).
    backtol : float
        is the proportional decrease in the root-mean-squared error of the
        groundwater-flow equation used to determine if residual control is
        required at the end of a nonlinear iteration. (default is 1.1).
    backreduce : float
        is a reduction factor used for residual control that reduces the head
        change between nonlinear iterations. Values should be between 0.0 and
        1.0, where smaller values result in smaller head-change values.
        (default 0.7).
    maxitinner : int
        (GMRES) is the maximum number of iterations for the linear solution.
        (default is 50).
    ilumethod : int
        (GMRES) is the index for selection of the method for incomplete
        factorization (ILU) used as a preconditioner. (default is 2).

        ilumethod = 1 is ILU with drop tolerance and fill limit. Fill-in terms
        less than drop tolerance times the diagonal are discarded. The number
        of fill-in terms in each row of L and U is limited to the fill limit.
        The fill-limit largest elements are kept in the L and U factors.

        ilumethod=2 is ILU(k) order k incomplete LU factorization. Fill-in
        terms of higher order than k in the factorization are discarded.
    levfill : int
        (GMRES) is the fill limit for ILUMETHOD = 1 and is the level of fill
        for ilumethod = 2. Recommended values: 5-10 for method 1, 0-2 for
        method 2. (default is 5).
    stoptol : float
        (GMRES) is the tolerance for convergence of the linear solver. This is
        the residual of the linear equations scaled by the norm of the root
        mean squared error. Usually 1.e-8 to 1.e-12 works well.
        (default is 1.e-10).
    msdr : int
        (GMRES) is the number of iterations between restarts of the GMRES
        Solver. (default is 15).
    iacl : int
        (XMD) is a flag for the acceleration method: 0 is conjugate gradient, 1 is ORTHOMIN,
        2 is Bi-CGSTAB. (default is 2).
    norder : int
        (XMD) is a flag for the scheme of ordering the unknowns: 0 is original
        ordering, 1 is RCM ordering, 2 is Minimum Degree ordering.
        (default is 1).
    level : int
        (XMD) is the level of fill for incomplete LU factorization.
        (default is 5).
    north : int
        (XMD) is the number of orthogonalization for the ORTHOMIN acceleration
        scheme. A number between 4 and 10 is appropriate. Small values require
        less storage but more iterations may be required. This number should
        equal 2 for the other acceleration methods. (default is 7).
    iredsys : int
        (XMD) is a flag for reduced system preconditioning (integer): 0-do not
        apply reduced system preconditioning, 1-apply reduced system
        preconditioning. (default is 0)
    rrctols : int
        (XMD) is the residual reduction-convergence criteria. (default is 0.).
    idroptol : int
        (XMD) is a flag for using drop tolerance in the preconditioning:
        0-don't use drop tolerance, 1-use drop tolerance. (default is 1).
    epsrn : float
        (XMD) is the drop tolerance for preconditioning. (default is 1.e-4).
    hclosexmd : float
        (XMD) is the head closure criteria for inner (linear) iterations.
        (default is 1.e-4).
    mxiterxmd : int
        (XMD) is the maximum number of iterations for the linear solution.
        (default is 50).
    extension : list string
        Filename extension (default is 'nwt')
    unitnumber : int
        File unit number (default is None).
    filenames : str or list of str
        Filenames to use for the package. If filenames=None the package name
        will be created using the model name and package extension. If a
        single string is passed the package will be set to the string.
        Default is None.

    Attributes
    ----------

    Methods
    -------

    See Also
    --------

    Notes
    -----

    Examples
    --------

    >>> import flopy
    >>> m = flopy.modflow.Modflow()
    >>> nwt = flopy.modflow.ModflowNwt(m)

    """

    def __init__(self, model, headtol=1E-2, fluxtol=500, maxiterout=100, \
                 thickfact=1E-5, linmeth=1, iprnwt=0, ibotav=0, \
                 options='COMPLEX', Continue=False, \
                 dbdtheta=0.4, dbdkappa=1.e-5, dbdgamma=0., momfact=0.1, \
                 backflag=1, maxbackiter=50, backtol=1.1, backreduce=0.70, \
                 maxitinner=50, ilumethod=2, levfill=5, stoptol=1.e-10,
                 msdr=15, \
                 iacl=2, norder=1, level=5, north=7, iredsys=0, rrctols=0.0, \
                 idroptol=1, epsrn=1.e-4, hclosexmd=1e-4, mxiterxmd=50, \
                 extension='nwt', unitnumber=None, filenames=None):

        if model.version != 'mfnwt':
            err = 'Error: model version must be mfnwt to use NWT package'
            raise Exception(err)

        # set default unit number of one is not specified
        if unitnumber is None:
            unitnumber = ModflowNwt.defaultunit()

        # set filenames
        if filenames is None:
            filenames = [None]
        elif isinstance(filenames, str):
            filenames = [filenames]

        # Fill namefile items
        name = [ModflowNwt.ftype()]
        units = [unitnumber]
        extra = ['']

        # set package name
        fname = [filenames[0]]

        # Call ancestor's init to set self.parent, extension, name and unit number
        Package.__init__(self, model, extension=extension, name=name,
                         unit_number=units, extra=extra, filenames=fname)

        self.heading = '# {} package for '.format(self.name[0]) + \
                       ' {}, '.format(model.version_types[model.version]) + \
                       'generated by Flopy.'
        self.url = 'nwt_newton_solver.htm'
        self.headtol = headtol
        self.fluxtol = fluxtol
        self.maxiterout = maxiterout
        self.thickfact = thickfact
        self.linmeth = linmeth
        self.iprnwt = iprnwt
        self.ibotav = ibotav
        if isinstance(options, list):
            self.options = options
        else:
            self.options = [options.upper()]
        if Continue:
            self.options.append('CONTINUE')
        self.dbdtheta = dbdtheta
        self.dbdkappa = dbdkappa
        self.dbdgamma = dbdgamma
        self.momfact = momfact
        self.backflag = backflag
        self.maxbackiter = maxbackiter
        self.backtol = backtol
        self.backreduce = backreduce
        self.maxitinner = maxitinner
        self.ilumethod = ilumethod
        self.levfill = levfill
        self.stoptol = stoptol
        self.msdr = msdr
        self.iacl = iacl
        self.norder = norder
        self.level = level
        self.north = north
        self.iredsys = iredsys
        self.rrctols = rrctols
        self.idroptol = idroptol
        self.epsrn = epsrn
        self.hclosexmd = hclosexmd
        self.mxiterxmd = mxiterxmd
        self.parent.add_package(self)

    def write_file(self):
        """
        Write the package file.

        Returns
        -------
        None

        """
        # Open file for writing
        f = open(self.fn_path, 'w')
        f.write('%s\n' % self.heading)
        f.write('{:10.3e}{:10.3e}{:10d}{:10.3e}{:10d}{:10d}{:10d}'.format(
            self.headtol, self.fluxtol, self.maxiterout, self.thickfact,
            self.linmeth, self.iprnwt, self.ibotav))
        isspecified = False
        for option in self.options:
            f.write('{0:>10s}'.format(option.upper()))
            if option.lower() == 'specified':
                isspecified = True
        if isspecified:
            f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.dbdtheta))
            f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.dbdkappa))
            f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.dbdgamma))
            f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.momfact))
            f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.backflag))
            if self.backflag > 0:
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.maxbackiter))
                f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.backtol))
                f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.backreduce))
            f.write('\n')
            if self.linmeth == 1:
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.maxitinner))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.ilumethod))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.levfill))
                f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.stoptol))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.msdr))
            elif self.linmeth == 2:
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.iacl))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.norder))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.level))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.north))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.iredsys))
                f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.rrctols))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.idroptol))
                f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.epsrn))
                f.write('{0:10.4g}'.format(self.hclosexmd))
                f.write('{0:10d}'.format(self.mxiterxmd))

        f.write('\n')

        f.close()

    @staticmethod
    def load(f, model, ext_unit_dict=None):
        """
        Load an existing package.

        Parameters
        ----------
        f : filename or file handle
            File to load.
        model : model object
            The model object (of type :class:`flopy.modflow.mf.Modflow`) to
            which this package will be added.
        ext_unit_dict : dictionary, optional
            If the arrays in the file are specified using EXTERNAL,
            or older style array control records, then `f` should be a file
            handle.  In this case ext_unit_dict is required, which can be
            constructed using the function
            :class:`flopy.utils.mfreadnam.parsenamefile`.

        Returns
        -------
        nwt : ModflowNwt object

        Examples
        --------

        >>> import flopy
        >>> m = flopy.modflow.Modflow()
        >>> nwt = flopy.modflow.ModflowPcg.load('test.nwt', m)

        """
        import collections

        if model.verbose:
            sys.stdout.write('loading nwt package file...\n')

        if model.version != 'mfnwt':
            msg = "Warning: model version was reset from " + \
                  "'{}' to 'mfnwt' in order to load a NWT file".format(
                      model.version)
            print(msg)
            model.version = 'mfnwt'

        openfile = not hasattr(f, 'read')
        if openfile:
            filename = f
            f = open(filename, 'r')

        # dataset 0 -- header
        flines = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines() if
                  not line.strip().startswith('#')]

        if openfile:
            f.close()

        line = flines.pop(0)

        # dataset 1
        ifrfm = True  # model.free_format_input

        vars = (("headtol", float), ("fluxtol", float), ("maxiterout", int),
                ("thickfact", float), ("linmeth", int), ("iprnwt", int),
                ("ibotav", int), ("options", str), ("Continue", str))
        vars = collections.OrderedDict(vars)
        kwargs = {}
        if ifrfm:
            t = line.split()
        else:
            t = []
            try:
                for idx, (k, c) in enumerate(vars.items()):
                    t.append(line[idx * 10:(idx + 1) * 10])
            except:
                if model.verbose:
                    print('   did not parse fixed format dataset 1')
        try:
            for i, (v, c) in enumerate(vars.items()):
                kwargs[v] = c(t[i].strip())
        except:
            if model.verbose:
                print('   did not generate dataset 1 kwargs')

        if "Continue" in kwargs:
            if 'CONTINUE' in kwargs["Continue"].upper():
                kwargs["Continue"] = True
            else:
                kwargs.pop("Continue")

        specdict = (('dbdtheta', float), ('dbdkappa', float),
                    ('dbdgamma', float), ('momfact', float),
                    ('backflag', int), ('maxbackiter', int),
                    ('backtol', float), ('backreduce', float))
        specdict = collections.OrderedDict(specdict)
        ipos = len(kwargs)
        if kwargs["options"].lower().strip() == "specified":
            for (k, c) in specdict.items():
                if ifrfm:
                    kwargs[k] = c(t[ipos].strip())
                else:
                    kwargs[k] = c(line[ipos * 10:(ipos + 1) * 10].strip())
                if k == 'backflag':
                    if kwargs['backflag'] == 0:
                        break
                ipos += 1
            # dataset 2
            try:
                line = flines.pop(0)
            except:
                raise Exception(
                    'Error: OPTIONS set to "Specified" but only one line in NWT file')

            lindict = {}
            if kwargs['linmeth'] == 1:
                lindict = (('maxitinner', int), ('ilumethod', int),
                           ('levfill', int), ('stoptol', float),
                           ('msdr', int))
            elif kwargs['linmeth'] == 2:
                lindict = (('iacl', int), ('norder', int), ('level', int),
                           ('north', int), ('iredsys', int),
                           ('rrctols', float),
                           ('idroptol', int), ('epsrn', float),
                           ('hclosexmd', float),
                           ('mxiterxmd', int))
            lindict = collections.OrderedDict(lindict)
            if ifrfm:
                t = line.split()
            else:
                t = []
                for idx, (k, c) in enumerate(lindict.items()):
                    t.append(line[idx * 10:(idx + 1) * 10])
            for idx, (k, c) in enumerate(lindict.items()):
                # forgive missing value for MXITERXMD (last value)
                # (apparently NWT runs without it)
                if len(t) > 0:
                    kwargs[k] = c(t.pop(0))

        # determine specified unit number
        # set package unit number
        unitnumber = None
        filenames = [None]
        if ext_unit_dict is not None:
            unitnumber, filenames[0] = \
                model.get_ext_dict_attr(ext_unit_dict,
                                        filetype=ModflowNwt.ftype())
        kwargs['unitnumber'] = unitnumber
        kwargs['filenames'] = filenames

        # create and return an instance of the nwt class
        return ModflowNwt(model, **kwargs)

    @staticmethod
    def ftype():
        return 'NWT'

    @staticmethod
    def defaultunit():
        return 32
