# Coverage for pygeodesy/utily.py : 97%

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After I{(C) Chris Veness 2011-2015} published under the same MIT Licence**, see U{Latitude/Longitude<https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong.html>} and U{Vector-based geodesy<https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-vectors.html>}. @newfield example: Example, Examples ''' # make sure int division yields float quotient from __future__ import division division = 1 / 2 # double check int division, see .datum.py, .fmath.py if not division: raise ImportError('%s 1/2 == %d' % ('division', division)) del division from pygeodesy.fmath import _Ints, _Seqs, EPS, map2 from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_LAZY from inspect import isclass from math import cos, degrees, pi as PI, radians, sin, tan # pow _MISSING = object() # singleton, imported by .utily # all public contants, classes and functions __all__ = _ALL_LAZY.utily __version__ = '20.02.12' try: _Strs = basestring, str # PYCHOK .datum.py, .geohash.py except NameError: _Strs = str, OK = 'OK' # OK for test like I{if ... is OK: ...} PI2 = PI * 2 #: Two PI, M{PI * 2} aka Tau (C{float}) # PYCHOK expected PI_2 = PI / 2 #: Half PI, M{PI / 2} (C{float}) PI_4 = PI / 4 #: Quarter PI, M{PI / 4} (C{float}) # R_M moved here to avoid circular imports R_M = 6371008.771415 #: Mean, spherical earth radius (C{meter}). _1_90 = 1 / 90.0 # 0.011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 # <https://Numbers.Computation.Free.FR/Constants/Miscellaneous/digits.html> _2_PI = 2 / PI # 0.63661977236758134307553505349005744813783858296182 _iterNumpy2len = 1 # adjustable for testing purposes _limiterrors = True def _TypeError(*Types, **pairs): '''(INTERNAL) Check C{Types} of all C{name=value} pairs. ''' for n, v in pairs.items(): if not isinstance(v, Types): t = ' or '.join(t.__name__ for t in Types) # first letter of Type name I{pronounced} as vowel a = 'an' if t[:1].lower() in 'aeinoux' else 'a' raise TypeError('%s not %s %s: %r' % (n, a, t, v)) class LimitError(ValueError): '''Error raised for lat- or longitudinal deltas exceeding the B{C{limit}} in functions L{equirectangular} and L{equirectangular_} and C{nearestOn*} and C{simplify*} functions or methods. ''' pass def anStr(name, OKd='._-', sub='_'): '''Make a valid name of alphanumeric and OKd characters. @param name: The original name (C{str}). @keyword OKd: Other acceptable characters (C{str}). @keyword sub: Substitute for invalid charactes (C{str}). @return: The modified name (C{str}). @note: Leading and trailing whitespace characters are removed and intermediate whitespace characters are coalesced and substituted. ''' s = n = str(name).strip() for c in n: if not (c.isalnum() or c in OKd or c in sub): s = s.replace(c, ' ') return sub.join(s.strip().split()) def clipStr(bstr, limit=50, white=''): '''Clip a string to the given length limit. @param bstr: String (C{bytes} or C{str}). @keyword limit: Length limit (C{int}). @keyword white: Whitespace replacement (C{str}). @return: Un/-clipped B{C{bstr}}. ''' t = type(bstr) n = len(bstr) if n > limit > 8: h = limit // 2 bstr = bstr[:h] + t('....') + bstr[-h:] if white: # replace whitespace bstr = t(white).join(bstr.split()) return bstr def degrees90(rad): '''Convert radians to degrees and wrap M{[-270..+90]}. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: Angle in degrees, wrapped (C{degrees90}). ''' return _wrap(degrees(rad), 90, 360) def degrees180(rad): '''Convert radians to degrees and wrap M{[-180..+180]}. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: Angle in degrees, wrapped (C{degrees180}). ''' return _wrap(degrees(rad), 180, 360) def degrees360(rad): '''Convert radians to degrees and wrap M{[0..+360)}. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: Angle in degrees, wrapped (C{degrees360}). ''' return _wrap(degrees(rad), 360, 360) def degrees2m(deg, radius=R_M, lat=0): '''Convert angle to distance along the equator or along a parallel at an other latitude. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @keyword radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}). @keyword lat: Parallel latitude (C{degrees90}). @return: Distance (C{meter}, same units as B{C{radius}}). @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and L{rangerrors} set to C{True}. ''' m = radians(deg) * radius if lat: from pygeodesy.dms import clipDMS m *= cos(radians(clipDMS(lat, 90))) return m def enStr2(easting, northing, prec, *extras): '''Return easting, northing string representations. @param easting: Easting from false easting (C{meter}). @param northing: Northing from from false northing (C{meter}). @param prec: Precision in number of digits (C{int}). @param extras: Optional leading items (strings). @return: B{C{extras}} + 2-Tuple C{(eastingStr, northingStr)}. @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{prec}}. ''' w = prec // 2 try: p10 = (1e-4, 1e-3, 1e-2, 1e-1, 1)[w - 1] # 10**(5 - w) except IndexError: raise ValueError('%s invalid: %r' % ('prec', prec)) return extras + ('%0*d' % (w, int(easting * p10)), '%0*d' % (w, int(northing * p10))) def false2f(value, name='value', false=True, Error=ValueError): '''Convert a false east-/northing to non-negative float. @param value: Value to convert (C{scalar}). @keyword name: Optional name of the value (C{str}). @keyword false: Optionally, value includes false origin (C{bool}). @keyword Error: Exception to raise (C{ValueError}). @return: The value (C{float}). @raise Error: Invalid or negative B{C{value}}. ''' try: f = float(value) if f < 0 and false: raise ValueError except (TypeError, ValueError): raise Error('%s invalid: %r' % (name, value)) return f def ft2m(feet, usurvey=False): '''Convert I{International} or I{US Survey} feet to meter. @param feet: Value in feet (C{scalar}). @keyword usurvery: Convert I{US Survey} feet (C{bool}), I{International} feet otherwise. @return: Value in C{meter} (C{float}). ''' # US Survey 1200./3937. == 0.3048006096012192 return feet * (0.3048006096012192 if usurvey else 0.3048) def halfs2(str2): '''Split a string in 2 halfs. @param str2: String to split (C{str}). @return: 2-Tuple (1st, 2nd) half (C{str}). @raise ValueError: Zero or odd C{len}(B{str2}). ''' h, r = divmod(len(str2), 2) if r or not h: raise ValueError('%s invalid: %r' % ('str2', str2)) return str2[:h], str2[h:] def isNumpy2(obj): '''Check for an B{C{Numpy2LatLon}} points wrapper. @param obj: The object (any C{type}). @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is an B{C{Numpy2LatLon}} instance, C{False} otherwise. ''' # isinstance(self, (Numpy2LatLon, ...)) return getattr(obj, 'isNumpy2', False) def isPoints2(obj): '''Check for an B{C{LatLon2psxy}} points wrapper. @param obj: The object (any C{type}). @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is an B{C{LatLon2psxy}} instance, C{False} otherwise. ''' # isinstance(self, (LatLon2psxy, ...)) return getattr(obj, 'isPoints2', False) def issequence(obj, *excluded): '''Check for sequence types. @param obj: The object (any C{type}). @param excluded: Optional, exclusions (C{type}). @note: Excluding C{tuple} implies excluding C{namedtuple}. @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a sequence, C{False} otherwise. ''' if excluded: return isinstance(obj, _Seqs) and not \ isinstance(obj, excluded) else: return isinstance(obj, _Seqs) def issubclassof(sub, sup): '''Check whether a class is a subclass of a super class. @param sub: The sub class (C{class}). @param sup: The super class (C{class}). @return: C{True} if B{C{sub}} is a subclass of B{C{sup}}. ''' return isclass(sub) and isclass(sup) and issubclass(sub, sup) def isTuple2(obj): '''Check for an B{C{Tuple2LatLon}} points wrapper. @param obj: The object (any). @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is an B{C{Tuple2LatLon}} instance, C{False} otherwise. ''' # isinstance(self, (Tuple2LatLon, ...)) return getattr(obj, 'isTuple2', False) def iterNumpy2(obj): '''Iterate over Numpy2 wrappers or other sequences exceeding the threshold. @param obj: Points array, list, sequence, set, etc. (any). @return: C{True} do, C{False} don't iterate. ''' try: return isNumpy2(obj) or len(obj) > _iterNumpy2len except TypeError: return False def iterNumpy2over(n=None): '''Get or set the L{iterNumpy2} threshold. @keyword n: Optional, new threshold (C{int}). @return: Previous threshold (C{int}). @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{n}}. ''' global _iterNumpy2len p = _iterNumpy2len if n is not None: try: i = int(n) if i > 0: _iterNumpy2len = i else: raise ValueError except (TypeError, ValueError): raise ValueError('%s invalid: %r' % ('n', n)) return p def limiterrors(raiser=None): '''Get/set the raising of limit errors. @keyword raiser: Choose C{True} to throw or C{False} to ignore L{LimitError} exceptions. Use C{None} to leave the setting unchanged. @return: Previous setting (C{bool}). ''' global _limiterrors t = _limiterrors if raiser in (True, False): _limiterrors = raiser return t def m2degrees(meter, radius=R_M): '''Convert distance to angle along equator. @param meter: Distance (C{meter}, same units as B{C{radius}}). @keyword radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}). @return: Angle (C{degrees}). @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{radius}}. ''' if radius < EPS: raise ValueError('%s invalid: %r' % ('radius', radius)) return degrees(meter / radius) def m2ft(meter, usurvey=False): '''Convert meter to I{International} or I{US Survey} feet (C{ft}). @param meter: Value in meter (C{scalar}). @keyword usurvery: Convert to I{US Survey} feet (C{bool}), I{International} feet otherwise. @return: Value in C{feet} (C{float}). ''' # US Survey == 3937./1200. = 3.2808333333333333 return meter * (3.2808333333333333 if usurvey else 3.2808399) def m2km(meter): '''Convert meter to kilo meter (km). @param meter: Value in meter (C{scalar}). @return: Value in km (C{float}). ''' return meter * 1.0e-3 def m2NM(meter): '''Convert meter to nautical miles (NM). @param meter: Value in meter (C{scalar}). @return: Value in NM (C{float}). ''' return meter * 5.39956804e-4 # == * 1.0 / 1852.0 def m2SM(meter): '''Convert meter to statute miles (SM). @param meter: Value in meter (C{scalar}). @return: Value in SM (C{float}). ''' return meter * 6.21369949e-4 # XXX 6.213712e-4 == 1.0 / 1609.344 def property_RO(method): '''Decorator for C{Read_Only} property. @param method: The callable to be decorated as C{property.getter}. @note: Like standard Python C{property} without a C{property.setter} with a more descriptive error message when set. ''' def Read_Only(self, ignored): '''Throws an C{AttributeError}, always. ''' raise AttributeError('Read_Only property: %r.%s = %r' % (self, method.__name__, ignored)) return property(method, Read_Only, None, method.__doc__ or 'N/A') def radiansPI(deg): '''Convert and wrap degrees to radians M{[-PI..+PI]}. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @return: Radians, wrapped (C{radiansPI}) ''' return _wrap(radians(deg), PI, PI2) def radiansPI2(deg): '''Convert and wrap degrees to radians M{[0..+2PI)}. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @return: Radians, wrapped (C{radiansPI2}) ''' return _wrap(radians(deg), PI2, PI2) def radiansPI_2(deg): '''Convert and wrap degrees to radians M{[-3PI/2..+PI/2]}. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @return: Radians, wrapped (C{radiansPI_2}) ''' return _wrap(radians(deg), PI_2, PI2) def _sincos2(q, r): '''(INTERNAL) 2-tuple (C{sin(r), cos(r)}) in quadrant C{q}. ''' if r: s, c = sin(r), cos(r) t = s, c, -s, -c, s else: # XXX sin(-0.0)? t = 0.0, 1.0, -0.0, -1.0, 0.0 q &= 3 return t[q], t[q + 1] def sincos2(*rad): '''Return the C{sine} and C{cosine} of angle(s). @param rad: One or more angles (C{radians}). @return: The C{sin(rad)} and C{cos(rad)} for each angle. @see: U{GeographicLib<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/ classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#sincosd>} function U{sincosd <https://SourceForge.net/p/geographiclib/code/ci/release/tree/ python/geographiclib/geomath.py#l155>} and C++ U{sincosd <https://SourceForge.net/p/geographiclib/code/ci/release/tree/ include/GeographicLib/Math.hpp#l558>}. ''' for r in rad: q = int(r * _2_PI) # int(math.floor) if r < 0: q -= 1 s, c = _sincos2(q, r - q * PI_2) # 0 <= r < PI_2 yield s yield c def sincos2d(*deg): '''Return the C{sine} and C{cosine} of angle(s) in C{degrees}. @param deg: One or more angles (C{degrees}). @return: The C{sin(rad)} and C{cos(rad)} for each angle. @see: U{GeographicLib<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/ classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html#sincosd>} function U{sincosd <https://SourceForge.net/p/geographiclib/code/ci/release/tree/ python/geographiclib/geomath.py#l155>} and C++ U{sincosd <https://SourceForge.net/p/geographiclib/code/ci/release/tree/ include/GeographicLib/Math.hpp#l558>}. ''' for d in deg: q = int(d * _1_90) # int(math.floor) if d < 0: q -= 1 s, c = _sincos2(q, radians(d - q * 90)) # 0 <= r < PI_2 yield s yield c def splice(iterable, n=2, fill=_MISSING): '''Split an iterable into C{n} slices. @param iterable: Items to be spliced (C{list}, C{tuple}, ...). @keyword n: Number of slices to generate (C{int}). @keyword fill: Fill value for missing items. @return: Generator of B{C{n}} slices M{iterable[i::n] for i=0..n}. @note: Each generated slice is a C{tuple} or a C{list}, the latter only if the B{C{iterable}} is a C{list}. @raise ValueError: Non-C{int} or non-positive B{C{n}}. @example: >>> from pygeodesy import splice >>> a, b = splice(range(10)) >>> a, b ((0, 2, 4, 6, 8), (1, 3, 5, 7, 9)) >>> a, b, c = splice(range(10), n=3) >>> a, b, c ((0, 3, 6, 9), (1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8)) >>> a, b, c = splice(range(10), n=3, fill=-1) >>> a, b, c ((0, 3, 6, 9), (1, 4, 7, -1), (2, 5, 8, -1)) >>> list(splice(range(12), n=5)) [(0, 5, 10), (1, 6, 11), (2, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9)] >>> splice(range(9), n=1) <generator object splice at 0x0...> ''' if not (isinstance(n, _Ints) and n > 0): raise ValueError('%s %s=%s' % ('splice', 'n', n)) t = iterable if not isinstance(t, (list, tuple)): t = tuple(t) # force tuple, also for PyPy3 if n > 1: if fill is not _MISSING: m = len(t) % n if m > 0: # fill with same type t += type(t)((fill,)) * (n - m) for i in range(n): yield t[i::n] # [i:None:n] pychok -Tb ... else: yield t def tan_2(rad): '''Compute the tangent of half angle. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: M{tan(rad / 2)} (C{float}). ''' return tan(rad * 0.5) def tanPI_2_2(rad): '''Compute the tangent of half angle, 90 degrees rotated. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: M{tan((rad + PI/2) / 2)} (C{float}). ''' return tan((rad + PI_2) * 0.5) def unroll180(lon1, lon2, wrap=True): '''Unroll longitudinal delta and wrap longitude in degrees. @param lon1: Start longitude (C{degrees}). @param lon2: End longitude (C{degrees}). @keyword wrap: Wrap and unroll to the M{(-180..+180]} range (C{bool}). @return: 2-Tuple (delta B{C{lon2}}-B{lon1}, B{C{lon2}}) unrolled (C{degrees}, C{degrees}). @see: Capability B{C{LONG_UNROLL}} in U{GeographicLib <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/python/interface.html#outmask>}. ''' d = lon2 - lon1 if wrap and abs(d) > 180: u = _wrap(d, 180, 360) if u != d: return u, lon1 + u return d, lon2 def unrollPI(rad1, rad2, wrap=True): '''Unroll longitudinal delta and wrap longitude in radians. @param rad1: Start longitude (C{radians}). @param rad2: End longitude (C{radians}). @keyword wrap: Wrap and unroll to the M{(-PI..+PI]} range (C{bool}). @return: 2-Tuple (delta B{C{rad2}}-B{rad1}, B{C{rad2}}) unrolled (C{radians}, C{radians}). @see: Capability B{C{LONG_UNROLL}} in U{GeographicLib <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/python/interface.html#outmask>}. ''' r = rad2 - rad1 if wrap and abs(r) > PI: u = _wrap(r, PI, PI2) if u != r: return u, rad1 + u return r, rad2 def unStr(name, *args, **kwds): '''Return the string representation of an invokation. @param name: Function, method or class name (C{str}). @param args: Optional positional arguments. @keyword kwds: Optional keyword arguments. @return: Representation (C{str}). ''' t = tuple('%s=%s' % t for t in sorted(kwds.items())) if args: t = map2(str, args) + t return '%s(%s)' % (name, ', '.join(t)) def _wrap(angle, wrap, modulo): '''(INTERNAL) Angle wrapper M{((wrap-modulo)..+wrap]}. @param angle: Angle (C{degrees} or C{radians}). @param wrap: Range (C{degrees} or C{radians}). @param modulo: Upper limit (360 C{degrees} or PI2 C{radians}). @return: The B{C{angle}}, wrapped (C{degrees} or C{radians}). ''' if not wrap > angle >= (wrap - modulo): # math.fmod(-1.5, 3.14) == -1.5, but -1.5 % 3.14 == 1.64 # math.fmod(-1.5, 360) == -1.5, but -1.5 % 360 == 358.5 angle %= modulo if angle > wrap: angle -= modulo return angle def wrap90(deg): '''Wrap degrees to M{[-270..+90]}. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @return: Degrees, wrapped (C{degrees90}). ''' return _wrap(deg, 90, 360) def wrap180(deg): '''Wrap degrees to M{[-180..+180]}. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @return: Degrees, wrapped (C{degrees180}). ''' return _wrap(deg, 180, 360) def wrap360(deg): '''Wrap degrees to M{[0..+360)}. @param deg: Angle (C{degrees}). @return: Degrees, wrapped (C{degrees360}). ''' return _wrap(deg, 360, 360) def wrapPI(rad): '''Wrap radians to M{[-PI..+PI]}. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: Radians, wrapped (C{radiansPI}). ''' return _wrap(rad, PI, PI2) def wrapPI2(rad): '''Wrap radians to M{[0..+2PI)}. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: Radians, wrapped (C{radiansPI2}). ''' return _wrap(rad, PI2, PI2) def wrapPI_2(rad): '''Wrap radians to M{[-3PI/2..+PI/2]}. @param rad: Angle (C{radians}). @return: Radians, wrapped (C{radiansPI_2}). ''' return _wrap(rad, PI_2, PI2) # **) MIT License # # Copyright (C) 2016-2020 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved. # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a # copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), # to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation # the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, # and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the # Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included # in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS # OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL # THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR # OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, # ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR # OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.