
=========
PyGeodesy
=========

A pure Python implementation of geodesy tools for various ellipsoidal
and spherical earth models using precision trigonometric, vector-based,
elliptic and approximate methods for geodetic (lat-/longitude) and
geocentric (ECEF_ cartesian) coordinates.

Transcribed from `JavaScript originals`_ by *Chris Veness (C) 2005-2016*
and several `C++ classes`_ by *Charles Karney (C) 2008-2019* and published
under the same `MIT License`_.

There are three modules for ellipsoidal earth models, *ellipsoidalKarney*,
*-Vincenty* and *-Nvector* and two for spherical ones, *sphericalTrigonometry*
and *-Nvector*.  Each module provides a geodetic *LatLon* and a geocentric
*Cartesian* class with methods and functions to compute distance, initial and
final bearing, intermediate and nearest points, area, perimeter, conversions
and unrolling, among other things.  For more information and further details
see the documentation_, the descriptions of `Latitude/Longitude`_, Vincenty_
and `Vector-based`_ geodesy, the original `JavaScript source`_ or docs_ and
the Python `GeographicLib`_.

Also included are modules for conversions to and from `Cassini-Soldner`_,
UPS_ (Universal Polar Stereographic), UTM_ (Exact_ and Universal Transverse
Mercator), ECEF_ (Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed cartesian) and `Web Mercator`_
(Pseudo-Mercator) coordinates, MGRS_ (NATO Military Grid Reference System)
and OSGR_ (British Ordinance Survery Grid Reference) grid references, TRF_
(Terrestrial Reference Frames) and modules to encode and decode EPSG_,
Geohashes_, `Georefs (WGRS)`_ and `Garefs (GARS)`_ .

Other modules provide Lambert conformal conic projections and positions
(from `John P. Snyder`_, *Map Projections -- A Working Manual*, 1987, pp
107-109), functions to clip a path or polygon of *LatLon* points using
the `Cohen-Sutherland`_ and the `Sutherland-Hodgman`_ methods, functions
to simplify_ or linearize a path of *LatLon* points (or a `NumPy array`_),
including implementations of the `Ramer-Douglas-Peucker`_, the
`Visvalingam-Whyatt`_ and the `Reumann-Witkam`_ algorithms and modified
versions of the former.  Other classes interpolate_ the height of
*LatLon* points and several *Geoid* models or compute various `Fréchet`_
or Hausdorff_ distances.

Installation
============

To install PyGeodesy, type ``pip install PyGeodesy`` or ``easy_install
PyGeodesy`` in a terminal or command window.  Alternatively, download
``PyGeodesy-yy.m.d.zip`` from PyPI_ or GitHub_, ``unzip`` the downloaded
file, ``cd`` to directory ``PyGeodesy-yy.m.d`` and type ``python setup.py
install``.  To run all PyGeodesy tests, type ``python setup.py test``
before installation.

Installation of `GeographicLib`_, `NumPy`_ and `SciPy`_ is optional.
However, the former is required for classes *CassiniSoldner* and *Css*
and function *toCss*, for module *ellipsoidalKarney* classes *LatLon* and
*Cartesian* and functions *areaOf* and *perimeterOf* and for the
*HeightIDWkarney* interpolator.  The latter are needed for the *Geoid...*
and *Height...* interpolator classes, except the *GeoidKarney* and all
*HeightIDW...* classes.

Documentation
=============

In addition to the ``pygeodesy`` package, the PyGeodesy_ distribution
files contain the tests, the test results (on macOS only) and the
complete documentation_ generated by Epydoc_ using command line:
``epydoc --html --no-private --no-source --name=PyGeodesy --url=... -v
pygeodesy``.

Tests
=====

The tests have been run with Python 3.8.0 (with geographiclib_ 1.50 and
numpy_ 1.17.3), with Python 3.7.5 and 2.7.17 (both with geographiclib_
1.50, numpy_ 1.17.2 respectively 1.16.5  and scipy_ 1.3.1 respectively
1.2.2) and with PyPy_ 6.0.0 (Python 2.7.13 and 3.5.3, both without
geographiclib, numpy and scipy) on macOS 10.13.6 High Sierra, *all in
64-bit only*.  The results of those tests are included in the
distribution files.

Test coverage has been measured with Python 3.7.5 (using coverage_ 4.5.4,
geographiclib_ 1.50, numpy_ 1.17.2 and scipy_ 1.3.1).  An HMTL report is
included in the distribution files.

With Python 3.7 and 3.8, the tests run *with and without* ``lazy import``.

The tests also ran with Python 2.7.14, 3.5.6 and 3.6.3 (and geographiclib_
1.49 or 1.50) on `Ubuntu 14.04`_ and with Python 3.7.3 (and geographiclib_
1.49 or 1.50) on `Debian 9`_ *all in 64-bit only* and with Python 2.7.15,
3.6.8 and 3.7.2 (all with geographiclib_ 1.49 or 1.50) on
`Windows Server 2012R2`_ *in both 32- and 64-bit*.

A single-File and single-Directory application with ``pygeodesy`` has
been bundled using PyInstaller_ 3.4 and 64-bit Python 3.7.3 and 3.7.4
on macOS 10.13.6 High Sierra.

Previously, the tests were run with Python 2.6.9 (and numpy 1.6.2),
2.7.10 (and numpy 1.8.0rc1), 2.7.13, 2.7.14, 2.7.15, 2.7.16 (and numpy
1.13.1, 1.14.0, 1.15.2, 1.16.2 or 1.16.5), 3.5.3, 3.6.2, 3.6.3, 3.6.4,
3.6.5, 3.7.0, 3.7.2, 3.7.3, 3.7.4 and `Intel-Python`_ 3.5.3 (and numpy_
1.11.3) on MacOS X 10.10 Yosemite, MacOS X 10.11 El Capitan, macOS 10.12
Sierra, macOS 10.13.5 High Sierra and macOS 10.14 Mojave, with Pythonista_
3.1 on iOS 10.3.3, 11.0.3, 11.1.2 and 11.3 on iPad4, with Pythonista_ 3.2
(with geographiclib 1.49 or 1.50 and numpy 1.8.0) on iOS 11.4.1, 12.0,
12.2 and 12.3 on iPad4, iPhone6 and/or iPhone10, all in 64-bit only and
with 32-bit Python 2.6.6 on Windows XP SP3 and with 32-bit Python 2.7.14
on Windows 10 Pro.

Notes
=====

All Python source code has been statically checked_ with PyChecker_,
PyFlakes_, PyCodeStyle_ (formerly Pep8) and McCabe_ using Python 2.7.17
and with Flake8_ using Python 3.8.0, both in 64-bit on macOS 10.13.6
High Sierra.

Some function and method names differ from the JavaScript version.  In such
cases documentation tag **JS name:** shows the original JavaScript name.

*Last updated: Oct 27, 2019.*

License
=======

``Copyright (C) 2016-2020 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved.``

``Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:``

``The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.``

``THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.``

.. image:: https://Img.Shields.io/pypi/pyversions/PyGeodesy.svg?label=Python
  :target: https://PyPI.org/project/PyGeodesy
.. image:: https://Img.Shields.io/appveyor/ci/mrJean1/PyGeodesy.svg?branch=master&label=AppVeyor
  :target: https://CI.AppVeyor.com/project/mrJean1/PyGeodesy/branch/master
.. image:: https://Img.Shields.io/travis/mrJean1/PyGeodesy.svg?branch=master&label=Travis
  :target: https://Travis-CI.org/mrJean1/PyGeodesy
.. image:: https://API.Cirrus-CI.com/github/mrJean1/PyGeodesy.svg?branch=master&label=Cirrus
  :target: https://Cirrus-CI.com/github/mrJean1/PyGeodesy
.. image:: https://Img.Shields.io/pypi/v/PyGeodesy.svg?label=PyPI
  :target: https://PyPI.org/project/PyGeodesy
.. image:: https://Img.Shields.io/pypi/wheel/PyGeodesy.svg
  :target: https://PyPI.org/project/PyGeodesy/#files
.. image:: https://Img.Shields.io/pypi/l/PyGeodesy.svg
  :target: https://PyPI.org/project/PyGeodesy

.. _C++ classes: https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/annotated.html
.. _Cassini-Soldner: https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/classGeographicLib_1_1CassiniSoldner.html
.. _checked: https://GitHub.com/ActiveState/code/tree/master/recipes/Python/546532_PyChecker_postprocessor
.. _Cohen-Sutherland: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Cohen-Sutherland_algorithm
.. _coverage: https://PyPI.org/project/coverage
.. _Debian 9: https://Cirrus-CI.com/github/mrJean1/PyGeodesy/master
.. _docs: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/geodesy/docs
.. _documentation: https://mrJean1.GitHub.io/PyGeodesy
.. _ECEF: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/ECEF
.. _EPSG: https://www.EPSG-Registry.org
.. _Epydoc: https://PyPI.org/project/epydoc
.. _Exact: https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/classGeographicLib_1_1TransverseMercatorExact.html
.. _Flake8: https://PyPI.org/project/flake8
.. _Fréchet: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Frechet_distance
.. _Garefs (GARS): https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Global_Area_Reference_System
.. _geographiclib: https://PyPI.org/project/geographiclib
.. _Geohashes: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/geohash.html
.. _Georefs (WGRS): https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/World_Geographic_Reference_System
.. _GitHub: https://GitHub.com/mrJean1/PyGeodesy
.. _Hausdorff: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff_distance
.. _Intel-Python: https://software.Intel.com/en-us/distribution-for-python
.. _interpolate: https://docs.SciPy.org/doc/scipy/reference/interpolate.html
.. _JavaScript originals: https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy
.. _JavaScript source: https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy
.. _John P. Snyder: https://pubs.er.USGS.gov/djvu/PP/PP_1395.pdf
.. _Latitude/Longitude: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong.html
.. _McCabe: https://PyPI.org/project/mccabe
.. _MGRS: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-utm-mgrs.html
.. _MIT License: https://OpenSource.org/licenses/MIT
.. _numpy: https://PyPI.org/project/numpy
.. _NumPy array: https://docs.SciPy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html
.. _OSGR: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-os-gridref.html
.. _PyChecker: https://PyPI.org/project/pychecker
.. _PyCodeStyle: https://PyPI.org/project/pycodestyle
.. _PyFlakes: https://PyPI.org/project/pyflakes
.. _PyGeodesy: https://PyPI.org/project/PyGeodesy
.. _PyInstaller: https://www.PyInstaller.org
.. _PyPI: https://PyPI.org/project/PyGeodesy
.. _PyPy: https://PyPy.org
.. _Pythonista: https://OMZ-Software.com/pythonista
.. _Ramer-Douglas-Peucker: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Ramer-Douglas-Peucker_algorithm
.. _Reumann-Witkam: https://psimpl.SourceForge.net/reumann-witkam.html
.. _SciPy: https://SciPy.org
.. _simplify: https://Bost.Ocks.org/mike/simplify
.. _Sutherland-Hodgman: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Sutherland-Hodgman_algorithm
.. _TRF: http://ITRF.ENSG.IGN.FR
.. _Ubuntu 14.04: https://Travis-CI.org/mrJean1/PyGeodesy
.. _UPS: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Universal_polar_stereographic_coordinate_system
.. _UTM: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-utm-mgrs.html
.. _Vector-based: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-vectors.html
.. _Vincenty: https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-vincenty.html
.. _Visvalingam-Whyatt: https://hydra.Hull.ac.UK/resources/hull:8338
.. _Web Mercator: https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Web_Mercator
.. _Windows Server 2012R2: https://CI.AppVeyor.com/project/mrJean1/pygeodesy
