Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: kids.cache
Version: 0.0.6
Summary: Kids caching library.
Home-page: http://github.com/0k/kids.cache
Author: Valentin LAB
Author-email: valentin.lab@kalysto.org
License: UNKNOWN
Description: ==========
        kids.cache
        ==========
        
        
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        ``kids.cache`` is a Python library providing a cache decorator.
        It's part of 'Kids' (for Keep It Dead Simple) library. It has
        no dependency to any python library.
        
        Its main concern is to offer a very simple default usage scheme,
        without forgetting to offer full power inside when needed.
        
        
        
        Maturity
        ========
        
        This code is around ~100 lines of python, and it has a 100% test
        coverage.
        
        However it still considered beta stage currently.
        
        
        Compatibility
        =============
        
        
        It is small and simple and should work anywhere.
        
        To put it in longer details: the current code is simple enough that it
        use a common subset of python that is compatible with any platform on
        python 2.7 and python >= 3... and this without any specific
        modification.
        
        Even then, You'll be happy to know that, this code is tested for
        compatibility at each commit with python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 on linux
        and windows platform.
        
        
        Features
        ========
        
        - Use one simple call to ``@cache``, and a majority of all hidden complexity
          will vanish.
        
          - works out of the box everywhere you can stick a decorator
            (function, methods, property, classes...).
          - support to be called before or after common decorators as
            ``@property``, ``@classmethod``, ``@staticmethod``.
        
        - With ``@cache`` several design pattern can be achieved:
        
          - *memoization* when used on function with arguments.
          - *lazy evaluation* when placed on properties.
          - *singleton* patterns when placed on classes.
        
        - Full customization at disposition:
        
          - cache clearing or cache stats functionality.
          - support of any cache store mecanism from `cachetools`_ package.
          - support of custom key function which allows:
        
            - support of your exotic unhashable objects
            - fine tune which function calls can be considered identic
            - hand pick function dependencies in object (for method)
        
        
        .. _cachetools: https://github.com/tkem/cachetools
        
        
        Basic Usage
        ===========
        
        Function
        --------
        
        This cache decorator is quite straightforward to use::
        
            >>> from kids.cache import cache
        
            >>> @cache
            ... def answer_to_everything():
            ...     print("many insightfull calculation")
            ...     return 42
        
        Then the function ``answer_to_everything`` would only do the
        calculation the first time called, and would save the result, and
        directly return it the next calls::
        
            >>> answer_to_everything()
            many insightfull calculation
            42
        
            >>> answer_to_everything()
            42
        
        The body of the function was not executed anymore and the cache value
        was used.
        
        It'll work with arguments::
        
            >>> @cache
            ... def mysum(*args):
            ...     print("calculating...")
            ...     return sum(args)
        
            >>> mysum(2, 2, 3)
            calculating...
            7
            >>> mysum(1, 1, 1, 1)
            calculating...
            4
            >>> mysum(2, 2, 3)
            7
            >>> mysum(1, 1, 1, 1)
            4
        
        And notice that by default, object are not typed, thus::
        
            >>> mysum(1.0, 1, 1, 1)
            4
        
        Did trigger the cache, despite the first argument is a float and not
        an integer.
        
        
        Methods
        -------
        
        With methods::
        
            >>> class MyObject(object):
            ...    def __init__(self, a, b):
            ...        self.a, self.b = a, b
            ...
            ...    @cache
            ...    def total(self):
            ...        print("calculating...")
            ...        return self.a + self.b
        
            >>> xx = MyObject(2, 3)
            >>> xx.total()
            calculating...
            5
            >>> xx.total()
            5
        
        Cache is not shared between instances::
        
            >>> yy = MyObject(2, 3)
            >>> yy.total()
            calculating...
            5
        
        Of course, if you change the inner values of the instance, this
        will NOT be detected by the caching method::
        
            >>> xx.a = 5
            >>> xx.total()
            5
        
        Look at advanced usages to see how to changes some of these behaviors.
        
        
        Property
        --------
        
        You can use the ``cache`` decorator with properties, and
        provides a good way to have lazy evaluated attributes::
        
            >>> class WithProperty(MyObject):
            ...
            ...    @property
            ...    @cache
            ...    def total(self):
            ...        print("evaluating...")
            ...        return self.a + self.b
        
            >>> xx = WithProperty(1, 1)
            >>> xx.total
            evaluating...
            2
            >>> xx.total
            2
        
        You can use ``@cache`` decorator before or after ``@property``
        decorator::
        
            >>> class WithProperty(MyObject):
            ...
            ...    @cache
            ...    @property
            ...    def total(self):
            ...        print("evaluating...")
            ...        return self.a + self.b
        
            >>> xx = WithProperty(2, 2)
            >>> xx.total
            evaluating...
            4
            >>> xx.total
            4
        
        classmethod
        -----------
        
        You can use the ``cache`` decorator with classmethods, and
        provides a good way to share cache between instances::
        
            >>> class WithClassMethod(MyObject):
            ...
            ...    a = 2
            ...    b = 3
            ...
            ...    @classmethod
            ...    @cache
            ...    def total(cls):
            ...        print("evaluating...")
            ...        return cls.a + cls.b
        
            >>> WithClassMethod.total()
            evaluating...
            5
            >>> WithClassMethod.total()
            5
        
        You can use ``@cache`` decorator before or after ``@property``
        decorator::
        
            >>> class WithClassMethod(MyObject):
            ...
            ...    a = 1
            ...    b = 6
            ...
            ...    @cache
            ...    @classmethod
            ...    def total(cls):
            ...        print("evaluating...")
            ...        return cls.a + cls.b
        
            >>> WithClassMethod.total()
            evaluating...
            7
            >>> WithClassMethod.total()
            7
        
        staticmethod
        ------------
        
        You can use the ``cache`` decorator with staticmethods::
        
            >>> class WithStaticMethod(MyObject):
            ...
            ...    @staticmethod
            ...    @cache
            ...    def total(a, b):
            ...        print("evaluating...")
            ...        return a + b
        
            >>> WithStaticMethod.total(1, 3)
            evaluating...
            4
            >>> WithStaticMethod.total(1, 3)
            4
        
        You can use ``@cache`` decorator before or after ``@property``
        decorator::
        
            >>> class WithStaticMethod(MyObject):
            ...
            ...    @cache
            ...    @staticmethod
            ...    def total(a, b):
            ...        print("evaluating...")
            ...        return a + b
        
            >>> WithStaticMethod.total(2, 6)
            evaluating...
            8
            >>> WithStaticMethod.total(2, 6)
            8
        
        
        class
        -----
        
        Using ``cache`` with classes will allow variations around the 
        notion of singletons. A singleton shares the same id in memory,
        so this shows a classical non-singleton behavior::
        
            >>> a, b = object(), object()
            >>> id(a) == id(b)
            False
        
        
        Factory based singleton
        '''''''''''''''''''''''
        
        You can use the ``cache`` decorator with classes, effectively
        implementing a factory pattern for creating singleton::
        
            >>> @cache
            ... class MySingleton(MyObject):
            ...     def __new__(cls):
            ...         print("instanciating...")
            ...         return MyObject.__new__(cls)
            ...     def __init__(self):
            ...         print("initializing...")
        
            >>> a, b = MySingleton(), MySingleton()
            instanciating...
            initializing...
            >>> id(a) == id(b)
            True
        
        Notice that both instance are the same object, so it was only
        instanciated and initialized once.
        
        But be warned: this is not anymore a class::
        
            >>> MySingleton
            <function MySingleton at ...>
        
        
        Instanciation based singletons
        ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
        
        Slightly different, the class singleton pattern can be achieved by
        caching ``__new__``::
        
            >>> class MySingleton(MyObject):
            ...     @cache
            ...     def __new__(cls):
            ...         print("instanciating...")
            ...         return MyObject.__new__(cls)
            ...     def __init__(self):
            ...         print("initializing...")
        
            >>> a, b = MySingleton(), MySingleton()
            instanciating...
            initializing...
            initializing...
            >>> id(a) == id(b)
            True
        
        Notice that both instance are the same object, so it was only
        instanciated once. But the ``__init__`` was called both times.
        This is sometimes perfectly valid, but you might want to avoid this
        also.
        
        So if you don't want this, you should cache also ``__init__`` method::
        
            >>> class MySingleton(MyObject):
            ...     @cache
            ...     def __new__(cls):
            ...         print("instanciating...")
            ...         return MyObject.__new__(cls)
            ...     @cache
            ...     def __init__(self):
            ...         print("initializing...")
        
            >>> a, b = MySingleton(), MySingleton()
            instanciating...
            initializing...
            >>> id(a) == id(b)
            True
        
        For both cases you'll keep your full object untouched of course::
        
            >>> MySingleton
            <class 'MySingleton'>
        
        
        Singleton with arguments
        ''''''''''''''''''''''''
        
        Actually, these are only singletons if you call them successively with
        the same arguments.
        
        Or to be more precise, you can share your classes when their
        instanciation's arguments are the same::
        
            >>> @cache
            ... class MySingleton(MyObject):
            ...     def __init__(self, a):
            ...         self.a = a
            ...         print("evaluating...")
        
            >>> a, b = MySingleton(1), MySingleton(2)
            evaluating...
            evaluating...
            >>> id(a) == id(b)
            False
        
        But::
        
            >>> c = MySingleton(1)
            >>> id(a) == id(c)
            True
        
        If you want a singleton that give you the same instance even if your
        successive calls differs, you should check the advanced usage section
        and the ``key`` argument.
        
        
        Advanced Usage
        ==============
        
        Most of the advanced usage implies to call the ``@cache`` decorator with
        arguments. Please notice that::
        
            >>> @cache
            ... def mysum1(*args):
            ...     print("calculating...")
            ...     return sum(args)
        
        Or::
        
            >>> @cache()
            ... def mysum2(*args):
            ...     print("calculating...")
            ...     return sum(args)
        
        is equivalent::
        
            >>> mysum1(1,1)
            calculating...
            2
            >>> mysum1(1,1)
            2
        
            >>> mysum2(1,1)
            calculating...
            2
            >>> mysum2(1,1)
            2
        
        
        Provide a key function
        ----------------------
        
        Providing a key function can be extremely powerfull and will allow to
        fine tune when the cache should be recalculated.
        
        ``hashing`` functions will receive exactly the same arguments than the
        main function called. It must return an hashable structure
        (combination of ``tuples``, ``int``, ``string``... avoid list, dicts and
        sets). This will identify uniquely the result.
        
        For example you could::
        
            >>> class WithKey(MyObject):
            ...    @cache(key=lambda s: (id(s), s.a, s.b))
            ...    def total(self):
            ...        print("calculating...")
            ...        return self.a + self.b
        
            >>> xx = WithKey(2, 3)
            >>> xx.total()
            calculating...
            5
            >>> xx.total()
            5
        
        It should detect changes of the given values of the instance::
        
            >>> xx.a = 5
            >>> xx.total()
            calculating...
            8
        
        Without bothering to recalculate when other values change::
        
            >>> xx.c = 7
            >>> xx.total()
            8
        
        But it should still make a difference between instances::
        
            >>> yy = WithKey(2, 3)
            >>> yy.total()
            calculating...
            5
        
        This last example is important as you could have wanted to share the
        cache between all instances. You could have done this easily by
        avoiding returning ``id(s)`` in the ``key`` function.
        
        
        Typed key functions
        -------------------
        
        You could ask for ``typed`` argument to NOT be treated the same::
        
            >>> @cache(typed=True)
            ... def mysum(*args):
            ...     print("calculating...")
            ...     return sum(args)
            >>> mysum(1, 1)
            calculating...
            2
        
            >>> mysum(1.0, 1)
            calculating...
            2.0
        
        
        default key functions
        ---------------------
        
        The default key function if not provided is a bold try to make ``list``
        and ``dict``, ``set`` also keyable despite these not being hashable.
        
        The name of the key function is called ``hippie_hashing``, and this is
        the default value for the key argument::
        
            >>> from kids.cache import hippie_hashing
        
            >>> @cache(key=hippie_hashing)
            ... def mylength(obj):
            ...     return len(obj)
        
        This allows you to use the function with list, dict or combination of these::
        
            >>> mylength([set([3]), 2, {1: 2}])
            3
        
        Even your objects could be used as key, as long as they are hashable::
        
            >>> class MyObj(object):  ## object subclasses have a default hash
            ...     length = 5
            ...     def __len__(self, ):
            ...         print('calculating...')
            ...         return self.length
        
            >>> myobj = MyObj()
            >>> mylength(myobj)
            calculating...
            5
        
            >>> mylength(myobj)
            5
        
        Be assured that hash collision (they happen!) won't generate cache collisions::
        
            >>> class MyCollidingHashObj(MyObj):
            ...     def __init__(self, length):
            ...          self.length = length
            ...     def __hash__(self):
            ...          return 1
        
            >>> hash_collide1 = MyCollidingHashObj(6)
            >>> hash_collide2 = MyCollidingHashObj(7)
        
            >>> mylength(hash_collide1)
            calculating...
            6
            >>> mylength(hash_collide2)
            calculating...
            7
        
        But try to avoid them for performance's sake !! And you should
        probably be aware that if your object compare equal, then THERE WILL
        BE a cache collision (but at this point, this is probably what you
        wanted, heh ?)::
        
            >>> class MyEqCollidingHashObj(MyCollidingHashObj):
            ...     def __eq__(self, value):
            ...          return True
            ...     def __hash__(self):
            ...          return 1
        
            >>> eq_and_hash_collide1 = MyEqCollidingHashObj(8)
            >>> eq_and_hash_collide2 = MyEqCollidingHashObj(9)
        
            >>> mylength(eq_and_hash_collide1)
            calculating...
            8
            >>> mylength(eq_and_hash_collide2)
            8
        
        Huh oh. This is not what was probably expected in this example, but
        you really had to work hard to make this happen. And most of the time,
        you'll probably find this convenient and will use it at you advantage.
        It's a little bit like an extension of the ``key`` mecanism that is
        the objects responsability.
        
        .. note:: Please verify also that if your object compares the same, their
          hash HAS TO BE the same. For this very reason, in Python3, when you
          define the ``__eq__`` method, it'll remove the default ``__hash__``
          from objects.
        
        
        Of course, ``hippie_hashing`` will fail on special unhashable object::
        
            >>> class Unhashable(object):
            ...    def __hash__(self):
            ...        raise ValueError("unhashable!")
        
            >>> hippie_hashing(Unhashable())  ## doctest: +ELLIPSIS
            Traceback (most recent call last):
            ...
            ValueError: <Unhashable ...> can not be hashed. Try providing a custom key function.
        
        If you are not a hippie, you should consider using ``strict=True`` and a
        much more limited method will be used to make a key from your
        arguments::
        
            >>> @cache(strict=True)
            ... def mylength(obj):
            ...     return len(obj)
        
            >>> mylength("hello")
            5
        
        But then, don't be surprised if it fails with dict, list, or set arguments::
        
            >>> mylength([set([3]), 2, {1: 2}])
            Traceback (most recent call last):
            ...
            TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
        
        
        And ``typed=True`` can be used in combination with ``strict=True``::
        
            >>> @cache(strict=True, typed=True)
            ... def mysum(*args):
            ...     print("calculating...")
            ...     return sum(args)
            >>> mysum(1, 1)
            calculating...
            2
        
            >>> mysum(1.0, 1)
            calculating...
            2.0
        
        A good key function can:
        
        - make some cache timeout (but you should then look at cache store
          section to limit the size of the cache)
        - finely select which argument are pertinent to the method to avoid
          re-evaluating the function when it is non-necessary.
        - allow you to cache callables that have very special arguments that
          can't be hashed properly.
        
        
        Cleaning Cache
        --------------
        
        ``kids.cache`` uses some ``lru_cache`` ideas of python 3
        implementation, and each function cached received a ``cache_clear``
        method::
        
            >>> @cache
            ... def mysum(*args):
            ...     print("calculate...")
            ...     return sum(args)
        
            >>> mysum(1,1)
            calculate...
            2
            >>> mysum(1,1)
            2
        
        By calling ``cache_clear`` method, we flush all previous cached value::
        
            >>> mysum.cache_clear()
            >>> mysum(1,1)
            calculate...
            2
        
        
        Cache stats
        -----------
        
        ``kids.cache`` uses some ``lru_cache`` ideas of python 3
        implementation, and each function cached received a ``cache_info``
        method::
        
            >>> @cache
            ... def mysum(*args):
            ...     print("calculate...")
            ...     return sum(args)
        
            >>> mysum(1,1)
            calculate...
            2
            >>> mysum(1,1)
            2
        
            >>> mysum.cache_info()
            CacheInfo(type='dict', hits=1, misses=1, maxsize=None, currsize=1)
        
        
        Cache Store
        -----------
        
        ``kids.cache`` can use any dict-like structure as a cache store. This
        means you can provide some more clever cache stores. For example, you
        can use ``cachetools`` caches under the hood to manage the caching store.
        
        Keep in mind that the default cache store is... a dict ! which is not
        a good idea if your program will run for a long time and you have
        cached function calls that will be different throughout the running
        time: the cache store will then grow for each new call making the
        memory usage of your process grow... perhaps out of bounds.
        
        In these scenario, you must think about using managed cache stores that
        will clean and remove old unused cache entries. There are many cache
        store provided in ``cachetools`` and ``kids.cache`` supports them all.
        
        So if you need any caching store from ``cachetools`` you can provide
        it::
        
            >>> from cachetools import LRUCache
        
        LRU stands for Least Recent Used... ::
        
            >>> @cache(use=LRUCache(maxsize=2))
            ... def mysum(*args):
            ...     print("calculate...")
            ...     return sum(args)
        
            >>> mysum(1, 1)
            calculate...
            2
            >>> mysum(1, 2)
            calculate...
            3
            >>> mysum(1, 3)
            calculate...
            4
        
        We have exceeded the cache memory and the least recent used have been
        tossed away::
        
            >>> mysum(1, 1)
            calculate...
            2
        
        But we still have this one in memory::
        
            >>> mysum(1, 3)
            4
        
        
        Contributing
        ============
        
        Any suggestion or issue is welcome. Push request are very welcome,
        please check out the guidelines.
        
        
        Push Request Guidelines
        -----------------------
        
        You can send any code. I'll look at it and will integrate it myself in
        the code base and leave you as the author. This process can take time and
        it'll take less time if you follow the following guidelines:
        
        - check your code with PEP8 or pylint. Try to stick to 80 columns wide.
        - separate your commits per smallest concern.
        - each commit should pass the tests (to allow easy bisect)
        - each functionality/bugfix commit should contain the code, tests,
          and doc.
        - prior minor commit with typographic or code cosmetic changes are
          very welcome. These should be tagged in their commit summary with
          ``!minor``.
        - the commit message should follow gitchangelog rules (check the git
          log to get examples)
        - if the commit fixes an issue or finished the implementation of a
          feature, please mention it in the summary.
        
        If you have some questions about guidelines which is not answered here,
        please check the current ``git log``, you might find previous commit that
        would show you how to deal with your issue.
        
        
        License
        =======
        
        Copyright (c) 2017 Valentin Lab.
        
        Licensed under the `BSD License`_.
        
        .. _BSD License: http://raw.github.com/0k/kids.cache/master/LICENSE
        
        Changelog
        =========
        
        
        0.0.6 (2017-11-16)
        ------------------
        
        Fix
        ~~~
        - Fixed import time performance issue due to obsolete namespacing
          pattern. (fixes #9) [Valentin Lab]
        
        
        0.0.4 (2015-04-27)
        ------------------
        
        New
        ~~~
        - Support being called before or after ``staticmethod`` decorator.
          [Valentin Lab]
        - Support being called before or after ``classmethod`` decorator.
          [Valentin Lab]
        
        Changes
        ~~~~~~~
        - Documenting the singleton pattern usage when used in conjunction with
          ``class``. [Valentin Lab]
        
        
        0.0.3 (2015-02-24)
        ------------------
        
        Fix
        ~~~
        - Nasty cache collision if two custom objects shared the same hash and
          type but where not ``equal``. [Valentin Lab]
        
          And as a matter of fact, this happens. For instance, all instance of
          ``object`` or any subclass will inherit a special ``hash`` method that
          uses ``id``, but in some version of python (the recent ones), the ``id``
          value is divided by ``16``. And hash collisions are to be expected
          anyway, and of course should not cause cache collisions.
        
        
        
        0.0.2 (2015-02-02)
        ------------------
        
        New
        ~~~
        - Added type to cache stats, removed dependency to ``cachetools``.
          [Valentin Lab]
        
        Changes
        ~~~~~~~
        - Default cache store's ``currsize`` use the ``len()`` instead of None.
          [Valentin Lab]
        
          And this makes sense for the default dict implementation.
        
        
        Fix
        ~~~
        - Wrong attribution for ``cache_clear`` and ``cache_info`` functions.
          [Valentin Lab]
        - Similar ``set`` could get different hash. [Valentin Lab]
        
          ``set`` weren't sorted prior to introspection for hashing.
        
        
        
        0.0.1 (2014-05-23)
        ------------------
        - First import. [Valentin Lab]
        
        
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
