##############################################################################
#
# Copyright (c) 2002-2009 Zope Foundation and Contributors.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# This software is subject to the provisions of the Zope Public License,
# Version 2.1 (ZPL).  A copy of the ZPL should accompany this distribution.
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
#
##############################################################################
""" HTTP request management.

$Id: HTTPRequest.py 113152 2010-06-05 16:25:50Z hannosch $
"""

from cgi import escape
from cgi import FieldStorage
import codecs
from copy import deepcopy
import os
import random
import re
import sys
import tempfile
import time
from urllib import unquote
from urllib import splittype
from urllib import splitport

from zope.i18n.interfaces import IUserPreferredLanguages
from zope.i18n.locales import locales, LoadLocaleError
from zope.interface import directlyProvidedBy
from zope.interface import directlyProvides
from zope.interface import implements
from zope.publisher.base import DebugFlags
from zope.publisher.interfaces.browser import IBrowserRequest

from AccessControl.tainted import TaintedString
from ZPublisher.BaseRequest import BaseRequest
from ZPublisher.BaseRequest import quote
from ZPublisher.Converters import get_converter
from ZPublisher.HTTPResponse import HTTPResponse
from ZPublisher.maybe_lock import allocate_lock

# Flags
SEQUENCE = 1
DEFAULT = 2
RECORD = 4
RECORDS = 8
REC = RECORD | RECORDS
EMPTY = 16
CONVERTED = 32

# Placeholders for module that we'll import if we have to.
xmlrpc = None
base64 = None

# This may get overwritten during configuration
default_encoding = 'iso-8859-15'

isCGI_NAME = {
        'SERVER_SOFTWARE' : 1,
        'SERVER_NAME' : 1,
        'GATEWAY_INTERFACE' : 1,
        'SERVER_PROTOCOL' : 1,
        'SERVER_PORT' : 1,
        'REQUEST_METHOD' : 1,
        'PATH_INFO' : 1,
        'PATH_TRANSLATED' : 1,
        'SCRIPT_NAME' : 1,
        'QUERY_STRING' : 1,
        'REMOTE_HOST' : 1,
        'REMOTE_ADDR' : 1,
        'AUTH_TYPE' : 1,
        'REMOTE_USER' : 1,
        'REMOTE_IDENT' : 1,
        'CONTENT_TYPE' : 1,
        'CONTENT_LENGTH' : 1,
        'SERVER_URL': 1,
        }.has_key

hide_key = {'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION':1, 'HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION': 1}.has_key

default_port = {'http': '80', 'https': '443'}

tainting_env = str(os.environ.get('ZOPE_DTML_REQUEST_AUTOQUOTE', '')).lower()
TAINTING_ENABLED = tainting_env not in ('disabled', '0', 'no')

_marker = []

# The trusted_proxies configuration setting contains a sequence
# of front-end proxies that are trusted to supply an accurate
# X_FORWARDED_FOR header. If REMOTE_ADDR is one of the values in this list
# and it has set an X_FORWARDED_FOR header, ZPublisher copies REMOTE_ADDR
# into X_FORWARDED_BY, and the last element of the X_FORWARDED_FOR list
# into REMOTE_ADDR. X_FORWARDED_FOR is left unchanged.
# The ZConfig machinery may sets this attribute on initialization
# if any trusted-proxies are defined in the configuration file.

trusted_proxies = []

class NestedLoopExit(Exception):
    pass

class HTTPRequest(BaseRequest):
    """ Model HTTP request data.

    This object provides access to request data.  This includes, the
    input headers, form data, server data, and cookies.

    Request objects are created by the object publisher and will be
    passed to published objects through the argument name, REQUEST.

    The request object is a mapping object that represents a
    collection of variable to value mappings.  In addition, variables
    are divided into five categories:

      - Environment variables

        These variables include input headers, server data, and other
        request-related data.  The variable names are as <a
        href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html">specified</a>
        in the <a
        href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html">CGI
        specification</a>

      - Form data

        These are data extracted from either a URL-encoded query
        string or body, if present.

      - Cookies

        These are the cookie data, if present.

      - Lazy Data

        These are callables which are deferred until explicitly
        referenced, at which point they are resolved and stored as
        application data.

      - Other

        Data that may be set by an application object.

    The form attribute of a request is actually a Field Storage
    object.  When file uploads are used, this provides a richer and
    more complex interface than is provided by accessing form data as
    items of the request.  See the FieldStorage class documentation
    for more details.

    The request object may be used as a mapping object, in which case
    values will be looked up in the order: environment variables,
    other variables, form data, and then cookies.
    """

    # The claim to implement IBrowserRequest has been made during the Zope3
    # integration project called Five but hasn't been completed in full.

    implements(IBrowserRequest)

    _hacked_path = None
    args = ()
    _file = None
    _urls = ()

    retry_max_count = 3

    def supports_retry(self):
        if self.retry_count < self.retry_max_count:
            time.sleep(random.uniform(0, 2 ** (self.retry_count)))
            return 1

    def retry(self):
        self.retry_count = self.retry_count + 1
        self.stdin.seek(0)
        r = self.__class__(stdin=self.stdin,
                           environ=self._orig_env,
                           response=self.response.retry(),
                          )
        r.retry_count = self.retry_count
        return r

    def clear(self):
        # Clear all references to the input stream, possibly
        # removing tempfiles.
        self.stdin = None
        self._file = None
        self.form.clear()
        # we want to clear the lazy dict here because BaseRequests don't have
        # one.  Without this, there's the possibility of memory leaking
        # after every request.
        self._lazies = {}
        BaseRequest.clear(self)

    def setServerURL(self, protocol=None, hostname=None, port=None):
        """ Set the parts of generated URLs. """
        other = self.other
        server_url = other.get('SERVER_URL', '')
        if protocol is None and hostname is None and port is None:
            return server_url
        oldprotocol, oldhost = splittype(server_url)
        oldhostname, oldport = splitport(oldhost[2:])
        if protocol is None:
            protocol = oldprotocol
        if hostname is None:
            hostname = oldhostname
        if port is None:
            port = oldport

        if (port is None or default_port[protocol] == port):
            host = hostname
        else:
            host = hostname + ':' + port
        server_url = other['SERVER_URL'] = '%s://%s' % (protocol, host)
        self._resetURLS()
        return server_url

    def setVirtualRoot(self, path, hard=0):
        """ Treat the current publishing object as a VirtualRoot """
        other = self.other
        if isinstance(path, str) or isinstance(path, unicode):
            path = path.split('/')
        self._script[:] = map(quote, filter(None, path))
        del self._steps[:]
        parents = other['PARENTS']
        if hard:
            del parents[:-1]
        other['VirtualRootPhysicalPath'] = parents[-1].getPhysicalPath()
        self._resetURLS()

    def physicalPathToVirtualPath(self, path):
        """ Remove the path to the VirtualRoot from a physical path """
        if type(path) is type(''):
            path = path.split( '/')
        rpp = self.other.get('VirtualRootPhysicalPath', ('',))
        i = 0
        for name in rpp[:len(path)]:
            if path[i] == name:
                i = i + 1
            else:
                break
        return path[i:]

    def physicalPathToURL(self, path, relative=0):
        """ Convert a physical path into a URL in the current context """
        path = self._script + map(quote, self.physicalPathToVirtualPath(path))
        if relative:
            path.insert(0, '')
        else:
            path.insert(0, self['SERVER_URL'])
        return '/'.join(path)

    def physicalPathFromURL(self, URL):
        """ Convert a URL into a physical path in the current context.
            If the URL makes no sense in light of the current virtual
            hosting context, a ValueError is raised."""
        other = self.other
        path = filter(None, URL.split( '/'))

        if URL.find( '://') >= 0:
            path = path[2:]

        # Check the path against BASEPATH1
        vhbase = self._script
        vhbl = len(vhbase)
        if path[:vhbl] == vhbase:
            path = path[vhbl:]
        else:
            raise ValueError('Url does not match virtual hosting context')
        vrpp = other.get('VirtualRootPhysicalPath', ('',))
        return list(vrpp) + map(unquote, path)

    def _resetURLS(self):
        other = self.other
        other['URL'] = '/'.join([other['SERVER_URL']] + self._script +
                            self._steps)
        for x in self._urls:
            del self.other[x]
        self._urls = ()

    def getClientAddr(self):
        """ The IP address of the client.
        """
        return self._client_addr

    def setupLocale(self):
        envadapter = IUserPreferredLanguages(self, None)
        if envadapter is None:
            self._locale = None
            return

        langs = envadapter.getPreferredLanguages()
        for httplang in langs:
            parts = (httplang.split('-') + [None, None])[:3]
            try:
                self._locale = locales.getLocale(*parts)
                return
            except LoadLocaleError:
                # Just try the next combination
                pass
        else:
            # No combination gave us an existing locale, so use the default,
            # which is guaranteed to exist
            self._locale = locales.getLocale(None, None, None)

    def __init__(self, stdin, environ, response, clean=0):
        self._orig_env = environ
        # Avoid the overhead of scrubbing the environment in the
        # case of request cloning for traversal purposes. If the
        # clean flag is set, we know we can use the passed in
        # environ dict directly.
        if not clean:
            environ = sane_environment(environ)

        if environ.has_key('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'):
            self._auth = environ['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']
            response._auth = 1
            del environ['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']

        self.stdin = stdin
        self.environ = environ
        have_env = environ.has_key
        get_env = environ.get
        self.response = response
        other = self.other = {'RESPONSE': response}
        self.form = {}
        self.taintedform = {}
        self.steps = []
        self._steps = []
        self._lazies = {}
        self._debug = DebugFlags()
        # We don't set up the locale initially but just on first access
        self._locale = _marker

        if environ.has_key('REMOTE_ADDR'):
            self._client_addr = environ['REMOTE_ADDR']
            if (environ.has_key('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') and
                self._client_addr in trusted_proxies):
                # REMOTE_ADDR is one of our trusted local proxies.
                # Not really very remote at all.  The proxy can tell us the
                # IP of the real remote client in the forwarded-for header
                # Skip the proxy-address itself though
                forwarded_for = [
                    e.strip()
                    for e in environ['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'].split(',')]
                forwarded_for.reverse()
                for entry in forwarded_for:
                    if entry not in trusted_proxies:
                        self._client_addr = entry
                        break
        else:
            self._client_addr = ''

        ################################################################
        # Get base info first. This isn't likely to cause
        # errors and might be useful to error handlers.
        b = script = get_env('SCRIPT_NAME','').strip()

        # _script and the other _names are meant for URL construction
        self._script = map(quote, filter(None, script.split( '/')))

        while b and b[-1] == '/':
            b = b[:-1]
        p = b.rfind('/')
        if p >= 0:
            b = b[:p+1]
        else:
            b = ''
        while b and b[0] == '/':
            b = b[1:]

        server_url = get_env('SERVER_URL',None)
        if server_url is not None:
            other['SERVER_URL'] = server_url = server_url.strip()
        else:
            if have_env('HTTPS') and (
                environ['HTTPS'] == "on" or environ['HTTPS'] == "ON"):
                protocol = 'https'
            elif (have_env('SERVER_PORT_SECURE') and
                environ['SERVER_PORT_SECURE'] == "1"):
                protocol = 'https'
            else:
                protocol = 'http'

            if have_env('HTTP_HOST'):
                host = environ['HTTP_HOST'].strip()
                hostname, port = splitport(host)

                # NOTE: some (DAV) clients manage to forget the port. This
                # can be fixed with the commented code below - the problem
                # is that it causes problems for virtual hosting. I've left
                # the commented code here in case we care enough to come
                # back and do anything with it later.
                #
                # if port is None and environ.has_key('SERVER_PORT'):
                #     s_port = environ['SERVER_PORT']
                #     if s_port not in ('80', '443'):
                #         port = s_port

            else:
                hostname = environ['SERVER_NAME'].strip()
                port = environ['SERVER_PORT']
            self.setServerURL(protocol=protocol, hostname=hostname, port=port)
            server_url = other['SERVER_URL']

        if server_url[-1:] == '/':
            server_url = server_url[:-1]

        if b:
            self.base = "%s/%s" % (server_url,b)
        else:
            self.base = server_url
        while script[:1] == '/':
            script = script[1:]
        if script:
            script = "%s/%s" % (server_url,script)
        else:
            script = server_url
        other['URL'] = self.script = script
        other['method'] = environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET').upper()

        ################################################################
        # Cookie values should *not* be appended to existing form
        # vars with the same name - they are more like default values
        # for names not otherwise specified in the form.
        cookies = {}
        taintedcookies = {}
        k = get_env('HTTP_COOKIE','')
        if k:
            parse_cookie(k, cookies)
            for k, v in cookies.items():
                istainted = 0
                if '<' in k:
                    k = TaintedString(k)
                    istainted = 1
                if '<' in v:
                    v = TaintedString(v)
                    istainted = 1
                if istainted:
                    taintedcookies[k] = v
        self.cookies = cookies
        self.taintedcookies = taintedcookies

    def processInputs(
        self,
        # "static" variables that we want to be local for speed
        SEQUENCE=1,
        DEFAULT=2,
        RECORD=4,
        RECORDS=8,
        REC=12, # RECORD | RECORDS
        EMPTY=16,
        CONVERTED=32,
        hasattr=hasattr,
        getattr=getattr,
        setattr=setattr,
        search_type=re.compile('(:[a-zA-Z][-a-zA-Z0-9_]+|\\.[xy])$').search,
        ):
        """Process request inputs

        We need to delay input parsing so that it is done under
        publisher control for error handling purposes.
        """
        response = self.response
        environ = self.environ
        method = environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD','GET')

        if method != 'GET':
            fp = self.stdin
        else:
            fp = None

        form = self.form
        other = self.other
        taintedform = self.taintedform

        # If 'QUERY_STRING' is not present in environ
        # FieldStorage will try to get it from sys.argv[1]
        # which is not what we need.
        if not environ.has_key('QUERY_STRING'):
            environ['QUERY_STRING'] = ''

        meth = None
        fs = ZopeFieldStorage(fp=fp,environ=environ,keep_blank_values=1)
        if not hasattr(fs,'list') or fs.list is None:
            if environ.has_key('HTTP_SOAPACTION'):
                # Stash XML request for interpretation by a SOAP-aware view
                other['SOAPXML'] = fs.value
            # Hm, maybe it's an XML-RPC
            elif (fs.headers.has_key('content-type') and
                'text/xml' in fs.headers['content-type'] and
                method == 'POST'):
                # Ye haaa, XML-RPC!
                global xmlrpc
                if xmlrpc is None:
                    from ZPublisher import xmlrpc
                meth, self.args = xmlrpc.parse_input(fs.value)
                response = xmlrpc.response(response)
                other['RESPONSE'] = self.response = response
                self.maybe_webdav_client = 0
            else:
                self._file = fs.file
        else:
            fslist = fs.list
            tuple_items = {}
            lt = type([])
            CGI_name = isCGI_NAME
            defaults = {}
            tainteddefaults = {}
            converter = None

            for item in fslist:

                isFileUpload = 0
                key = item.name
                if (hasattr(item,'file') and hasattr(item,'filename')
                    and hasattr(item,'headers')):
                    if (item.file and
                        (item.filename is not None
                         # RFC 1867 says that all fields get a content-type.
                         # or 'content-type' in map(lower, item.headers.keys())
                         )):
                        item = FileUpload(item)
                        isFileUpload = 1
                    else:
                        item = item.value

                flags = 0
                character_encoding = ''
                # Variables for potentially unsafe values.
                tainted = None
                converter_type = None

                # Loop through the different types and set
                # the appropriate flags

                # We'll search from the back to the front.
                # We'll do the search in two steps.  First, we'll
                # do a string search, and then we'll check it with
                # a re search.


                l = key.rfind(':')
                if l >= 0:
                    mo = search_type(key,l)
                    if mo:
                        l = mo.start(0)
                    else:
                        l = -1

                    while l >= 0:
                        type_name = key[l+1:]
                        key = key[:l]
                        c = get_converter(type_name, None)

                        if c is not None:
                            converter = c
                            converter_type = type_name
                            flags = flags | CONVERTED
                        elif type_name == 'list':
                            flags = flags | SEQUENCE
                        elif type_name == 'tuple':
                            tuple_items[key] = 1
                            flags = flags | SEQUENCE
                        elif (type_name == 'method' or type_name == 'action'):
                            if l:
                                meth = key
                            else:
                                meth = item
                        elif (type_name == 'default_method' or type_name == \
                              'default_action'):
                            if not meth:
                                if l:
                                    meth = key
                                else:
                                    meth = item
                        elif type_name == 'default':
                            flags = flags | DEFAULT
                        elif type_name == 'record':
                            flags = flags | RECORD
                        elif type_name == 'records':
                            flags = flags | RECORDS
                        elif type_name == 'ignore_empty':
                            if not item:
                                flags = flags | EMPTY
                        elif has_codec(type_name):
                            character_encoding = type_name

                        l = key.rfind(':')
                        if l < 0:
                            break
                        mo = search_type(key,l)
                        if mo:
                            l = mo.start(0)
                        else:
                            l = -1

                # Filter out special names from form:
                if CGI_name(key) or key[:5] == 'HTTP_':
                    continue

                # If the key is tainted, mark it so as well.
                tainted_key = key
                if '<' in key:
                    tainted_key = TaintedString(key)

                if flags:

                    # skip over empty fields
                    if flags & EMPTY:
                        continue

                    #Split the key and its attribute
                    if flags & REC:
                        key = key.split(".")
                        key, attr = ".".join(key[:-1]), key[-1]

                        # Update the tainted_key if necessary
                        tainted_key = key
                        if '<' in key:
                            tainted_key = TaintedString(key)

                        # Attributes cannot hold a <.
                        if '<' in attr:
                            raise ValueError(
                                "%s is not a valid record attribute name" %
                                escape(attr))

                    # defer conversion
                    if flags & CONVERTED:
                        try:
                            if character_encoding:
                                # We have a string with a specified character
                                # encoding.  This gets passed to the converter
                                # either as unicode, if it can handle it, or
                                # crunched back down to latin-1 if it can not.
                                item = unicode(item,character_encoding)
                                if hasattr(converter,'convert_unicode'):
                                    item = converter.convert_unicode(item)
                                else:
                                    item = converter(
                                        item.encode(default_encoding))
                            else:
                                item = converter(item)

                            # Flag potentially unsafe values
                            if converter_type in ('string', 'required', 'text',
                                                  'ustring', 'utext'):
                                if not isFileUpload and '<' in item:
                                    tainted = TaintedString(item)
                            elif converter_type in ('tokens', 'lines',
                                                    'utokens', 'ulines'):
                                is_tainted = 0
                                tainted = item[:]
                                for i in range(len(tainted)):
                                    if '<' in tainted[i]:
                                        is_tainted = 1
                                        tainted[i] = TaintedString(tainted[i])
                                if not is_tainted:
                                    tainted = None

                        except:
                            if (not item and not (flags & DEFAULT) and
                                defaults.has_key(key)):
                                item = defaults[key]
                                if flags & RECORD:
                                    item = getattr(item,attr)
                                if flags & RECORDS:
                                    item = getattr(item[-1], attr)
                                if tainteddefaults.has_key(tainted_key):
                                    tainted = tainteddefaults[tainted_key]
                                    if flags & RECORD:
                                        tainted = getattr(tainted, attr)
                                    if flags & RECORDS:
                                        tainted = getattr(tainted[-1], attr)
                            else:
                                raise

                    elif not isFileUpload and '<' in item:
                        # Flag potentially unsafe values
                        tainted = TaintedString(item)

                    # If the key is tainted, we need to store stuff in the
                    # tainted dict as well, even if the value is safe.
                    if '<' in tainted_key and tainted is None:
                        tainted = item

                    #Determine which dictionary to use
                    if flags & DEFAULT:
                        mapping_object = defaults
                        tainted_mapping = tainteddefaults
                    else:
                        mapping_object = form
                        tainted_mapping = taintedform

                    #Insert in dictionary
                    if mapping_object.has_key(key):
                        if flags & RECORDS:
                            #Get the list and the last record
                            #in the list. reclist is mutable.
                            reclist = mapping_object[key]
                            x = reclist[-1]

                            if tainted:
                                # Store a tainted copy as well
                                if not tainted_mapping.has_key(tainted_key):
                                    tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = deepcopy(
                                        reclist)
                                treclist = tainted_mapping[tainted_key]
                                lastrecord = treclist[-1]

                                if not hasattr(lastrecord, attr):
                                    if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                        tainted = [tainted]
                                    setattr(lastrecord, attr, tainted)
                                else:
                                    if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                        getattr(lastrecord,
                                            attr).append(tainted)
                                    else:
                                        newrec = record()
                                        setattr(newrec, attr, tainted)
                                        treclist.append(newrec)

                            elif tainted_mapping.has_key(tainted_key):
                                # If we already put a tainted value into this
                                # recordset, we need to make sure the whole
                                # recordset is built.
                                treclist = tainted_mapping[tainted_key]
                                lastrecord = treclist[-1]
                                copyitem = item

                                if not hasattr(lastrecord, attr):
                                    if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                        copyitem = [copyitem]
                                    setattr(lastrecord, attr, copyitem)
                                else:
                                    if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                        getattr(lastrecord,
                                            attr).append(copyitem)
                                    else:
                                        newrec = record()
                                        setattr(newrec, attr, copyitem)
                                        treclist.append(newrec)

                            if not hasattr(x,attr):
                                #If the attribute does not
                                #exist, setit
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    item = [item]
                                setattr(x,attr,item)
                            else:
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    # If the attribute is a
                                    # sequence, append the item
                                    # to the existing attribute
                                    y = getattr(x, attr)
                                    y.append(item)
                                    setattr(x, attr, y)
                                else:
                                    # Create a new record and add
                                    # it to the list
                                    n = record()
                                    setattr(n,attr,item)
                                    mapping_object[key].append(n)
                        elif flags & RECORD:
                            b = mapping_object[key]
                            if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                item = [item]
                                if not hasattr(b, attr):
                                    # if it does not have the
                                    # attribute, set it
                                    setattr(b, attr, item)
                                else:
                                    # it has the attribute so
                                    # append the item to it
                                    setattr(b, attr, getattr(b, attr) + item)
                            else:
                                # it is not a sequence so
                                # set the attribute
                                setattr(b, attr, item)

                            # Store a tainted copy as well if necessary
                            if tainted:
                                if not tainted_mapping.has_key(tainted_key):
                                    tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = deepcopy(
                                        mapping_object[key])
                                b = tainted_mapping[tainted_key]
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    seq = getattr(b, attr, [])
                                    seq.append(tainted)
                                    setattr(b, attr, seq)
                                else:
                                    setattr(b, attr, tainted)

                            elif tainted_mapping.has_key(tainted_key):
                                # If we already put a tainted value into this
                                # record, we need to make sure the whole record
                                # is built.
                                b = tainted_mapping[tainted_key]
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    seq = getattr(b, attr, [])
                                    seq.append(item)
                                    setattr(b, attr, seq)
                                else:
                                    setattr(b, attr, item)

                        else:
                            # it is not a record or list of records
                            found = mapping_object[key]

                            if tainted:
                                # Store a tainted version if necessary
                                if not tainted_mapping.has_key(tainted_key):
                                    copied = deepcopy(found)
                                    if isinstance(copied, lt):
                                        tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = copied
                                    else:
                                        tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = [copied]
                                tainted_mapping[tainted_key].append(tainted)

                            elif tainted_mapping.has_key(tainted_key):
                                # We may already have encountered a tainted
                                # value for this key, and the tainted_mapping
                                # needs to hold all the values.
                                tfound = tainted_mapping[tainted_key]
                                if isinstance(tfound, lt):
                                    tainted_mapping[tainted_key].append(item)
                                else:
                                    tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = [tfound,
                                                                    item]

                            if type(found) is lt:
                                found.append(item)
                            else:
                                found = [found,item]
                                mapping_object[key] = found
                    else:
                        # The dictionary does not have the key
                        if flags & RECORDS:
                            # Create a new record, set its attribute
                            # and put it in the dictionary as a list
                            a = record()
                            if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                item = [item]
                            setattr(a,attr,item)
                            mapping_object[key] = [a]

                            if tainted:
                                # Store a tainted copy if necessary
                                a = record()
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    tainted = [tainted]
                                setattr(a, attr, tainted)
                                tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = [a]

                        elif flags & RECORD:
                            # Create a new record, set its attribute
                            # and put it in the dictionary
                            if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                item = [item]
                            r = mapping_object[key] = record()
                            setattr(r,attr,item)

                            if tainted:
                                # Store a tainted copy if necessary
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    tainted = [tainted]
                                r = tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = record()
                                setattr(r, attr, tainted)
                        else:
                            # it is not a record or list of records
                            if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                item = [item]
                            mapping_object[key] = item

                            if tainted:
                                # Store a tainted copy if necessary
                                if flags & SEQUENCE:
                                    tainted = [tainted]
                                tainted_mapping[tainted_key] = tainted

                else:
                    # This branch is for case when no type was specified.
                    mapping_object = form

                    if not isFileUpload and '<' in item:
                        tainted = TaintedString(item)
                    elif '<' in key:
                        tainted = item

                    #Insert in dictionary
                    if mapping_object.has_key(key):
                        # it is not a record or list of records
                        found = mapping_object[key]

                        if tainted:
                            # Store a tainted version if necessary
                            if not taintedform.has_key(tainted_key):
                                copied = deepcopy(found)
                                if isinstance(copied, lt):
                                    taintedform[tainted_key] = copied
                                else:
                                    taintedform[tainted_key] = [copied]
                            elif not isinstance(taintedform[tainted_key], lt):
                                taintedform[tainted_key] = [
                                    taintedform[tainted_key]]
                            taintedform[tainted_key].append(tainted)

                        elif taintedform.has_key(tainted_key):
                            # We may already have encountered a tainted value
                            # for this key, and the taintedform needs to hold
                            # all the values.
                            tfound = taintedform[tainted_key]
                            if isinstance(tfound, lt):
                                taintedform[tainted_key].append(item)
                            else:
                                taintedform[tainted_key] = [tfound, item]

                        if type(found) is lt:
                            found.append(item)
                        else:
                            found = [found,item]
                            mapping_object[key] = found
                    else:
                        mapping_object[key] = item
                        if tainted:
                            taintedform[tainted_key] = tainted

            #insert defaults into form dictionary
            if defaults:
                for key, value in defaults.items():
                    tainted_key = key
                    if '<' in key:
                        tainted_key = TaintedString(key)

                    if not form.has_key(key):
                        # if the form does not have the key,
                        # set the default
                        form[key] = value

                        if tainteddefaults.has_key(tainted_key):
                            taintedform[tainted_key] = \
                                tainteddefaults[tainted_key]
                    else:
                        #The form has the key
                        tdefault = tainteddefaults.get(tainted_key, value)
                        if isinstance(value, record):
                            # if the key is mapped to a record, get the
                            # record
                            r = form[key]

                            # First deal with tainted defaults.
                            if taintedform.has_key(tainted_key):
                                tainted = taintedform[tainted_key]
                                for k, v in tdefault.__dict__.items():
                                    if not hasattr(tainted, k):
                                        setattr(tainted, k, v)

                            elif tainteddefaults.has_key(tainted_key):
                                # Find out if any of the tainted default
                                # attributes needs to be copied over.
                                missesdefault = 0
                                for k, v in tdefault.__dict__.items():
                                    if not hasattr(r, k):
                                        missesdefault = 1
                                        break
                                if missesdefault:
                                    tainted = deepcopy(r)
                                    for k, v in tdefault.__dict__.items():
                                        if not hasattr(tainted, k):
                                            setattr(tainted, k, v)
                                    taintedform[tainted_key] = tainted

                            for k, v in value.__dict__.items():
                                # loop through the attributes and value
                                # in the default dictionary
                                if not hasattr(r, k):
                                    # if the form dictionary doesn't have
                                    # the attribute, set it to the default
                                    setattr(r,k,v)
                            form[key] = r

                        elif isinstance(value, lt):
                            # the default value is a list
                            l = form[key]
                            if not isinstance(l, lt):
                                l = [l]

                            # First deal with tainted copies
                            if taintedform.has_key(tainted_key):
                                tainted = taintedform[tainted_key]
                                if not isinstance(tainted, lt):
                                    tainted = [tainted]
                                for defitem in tdefault:
                                    if isinstance(defitem, record):
                                        for k, v in defitem.__dict__.items():
                                            for origitem in tainted:
                                                if not hasattr(origitem, k):
                                                    setattr(origitem, k, v)
                                    else:
                                        if not defitem in tainted:
                                            tainted.append(defitem)
                                taintedform[tainted_key] = tainted

                            elif tainteddefaults.has_key(tainted_key):
                                missesdefault = 0
                                for defitem in tdefault:
                                    if isinstance(defitem, record):
                                        try:
                                            for k, v in \
                                                defitem.__dict__.items():
                                                for origitem in l:
                                                    if not hasattr(
                                                            origitem, k):
                                                        missesdefault = 1
                                                        raise NestedLoopExit
                                        except NestedLoopExit:
                                            break
                                    else:
                                        if not defitem in l:
                                            missesdefault = 1
                                            break
                                if missesdefault:
                                    tainted = deepcopy(l)
                                    for defitem in tdefault:
                                        if isinstance(defitem, record):
                                            for k, v in (
                                                    defitem.__dict__.items()):
                                                for origitem in tainted:
                                                    if not hasattr(
                                                                origitem, k):
                                                        setattr(origitem, k, v)
                                        else:
                                            if not defitem in tainted:
                                                tainted.append(defitem)
                                    taintedform[tainted_key] = tainted

                            for x in value:
                                # for each x in the list
                                if isinstance(x, record):
                                    # if the x is a record
                                    for k, v in x.__dict__.items():

                                        # loop through each
                                        # attribute and value in
                                        # the record

                                        for y in l:

                                            # loop through each
                                            # record in the form
                                            # list if it doesn't
                                            # have the attributes
                                            # in the default
                                            # dictionary, set them

                                            if not hasattr(y, k):
                                                setattr(y, k, v)
                                else:
                                    # x is not a record
                                    if not x in l:
                                        l.append(x)
                            form[key] = l
                        else:
                            # The form has the key, the key is not mapped
                            # to a record or sequence so do nothing
                            pass

            # Convert to tuples
            if tuple_items:
                for key in tuple_items.keys():
                    # Split the key and get the attr
                    k = key.split( ".")
                    k,attr = '.'.join(k[:-1]), k[-1]
                    a = attr
                    new = ''
                    # remove any type_names in the attr
                    while not a =='':
                        a = a.split( ":")
                        a,new = ':'.join(a[:-1]), a[-1]
                    attr = new
                    if form.has_key(k):
                        # If the form has the split key get its value
                        tainted_split_key = k
                        if '<' in k:
                            tainted_split_key = TaintedString(k)
                        item =form[k]
                        if isinstance(item, record):
                            # if the value is mapped to a record, check if it
                            # has the attribute, if it has it, convert it to
                            # a tuple and set it
                            if hasattr(item,attr):
                                value = tuple(getattr(item,attr))
                                setattr(item,attr,value)
                        else:
                            # It is mapped to a list of  records
                            for x in item:
                                # loop through the records
                                if hasattr(x, attr):
                                    # If the record has the attribute
                                    # convert it to a tuple and set it
                                    value = tuple(getattr(x,attr))
                                    setattr(x,attr,value)

                        # Do the same for the tainted counterpart
                        if taintedform.has_key(tainted_split_key):
                            tainted = taintedform[tainted_split_key]
                            if isinstance(item, record):
                                seq = tuple(getattr(tainted, attr))
                                setattr(tainted, attr, seq)
                            else:
                                for trec in tainted:
                                    if hasattr(trec, attr):
                                        seq = getattr(trec, attr)
                                        seq = tuple(seq)
                                        setattr(trec, attr, seq)
                    else:
                        # the form does not have the split key
                        tainted_key = key
                        if '<' in key:
                            tainted_key = TaintedString(key)
                        if form.has_key(key):
                            # if it has the original key, get the item
                            # convert it to a tuple
                            item = form[key]
                            item = tuple(form[key])
                            form[key] = item

                        if taintedform.has_key(tainted_key):
                            tainted = tuple(taintedform[tainted_key])
                            taintedform[tainted_key] = tainted

        if meth:
            if environ.has_key('PATH_INFO'):
                path = environ['PATH_INFO']
                while path[-1:] == '/':
                    path = path[:-1]
            else:
                path = ''
            other['PATH_INFO'] = path = "%s/%s" % (path,meth)
            self._hacked_path = 1

    def resolve_url(self, url):
        # Attempt to resolve a url into an object in the Zope
        # namespace. The url must be a fully-qualified url. The
        # method will return the requested object if it is found
        # or raise the same HTTP error that would be raised in
        # the case of a real web request. If the passed in url
        # does not appear to describe an object in the system
        # namespace (e.g. the host, port or script name dont
        # match that of the current request), a ValueError will
        # be raised.
        if url.find(self.script) != 0:
            raise ValueError('Different namespace.')
        path = url[len(self.script):]
        while path and path[0] == '/':
            path = path[1:]
        while path and path[-1] == '/':
            path = path[:-1]
        req = self.clone()
        rsp = req.response
        req['PATH_INFO'] = path
        object = None

        # Try to traverse to get an object. Note that we call
        # the exception method on the response, but we don't
        # want to actually abort the current transaction
        # (which is usually the default when the exception
        # method is called on the response).
        try:
            object = req.traverse(path)
        except:
            rsp.exception()
        if object is None:
            req.clear()
            raise rsp.errmsg, sys.exc_info()[1]

        # The traversal machinery may return a "default object"
        # like an index_html document. This is not appropriate
        # in the context of the resolve_url method so we need
        # to ensure we are getting the actual object named by
        # the given url, and not some kind of default object.
        if hasattr(object, 'id'):
            if callable(object.id):
                name = object.id()
            else:
                name = object.id
        elif hasattr(object, '__name__'):
            name = object.__name__
        else:
            name = ''
        if name != os.path.split(path)[-1]:
            object = req.PARENTS[0]

        req.clear()
        return object

    def clone(self):
        # Return a clone of the current request object
        # that may be used to perform object traversal.
        environ = self.environ.copy()
        environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'GET'
        if self._auth:
            environ['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] = self._auth
        if self.response is not None:
            response = self.response.__class__()
        else:
            response = None
        clone = self.__class__(None, environ, response, clean=1)
        clone['PARENTS'] = [self['PARENTS'][-1]]
        directlyProvides(clone, *directlyProvidedBy(self))
        return clone

    def getHeader(self, name, default = None, literal = False):
        """Return the named HTTP header, or an optional default
        argument or None if the header is not found. Note that
        both original and CGI-ified header names are recognized,
        e.g. 'Content-Type', 'CONTENT_TYPE' and 'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE'
        should all return the Content-Type header, if available.
        """
        environ = self.environ
        if not literal:
            name = name.replace('-', '_').upper()
        val = environ.get(name, None)
        if val is not None:
            return val
        if name[:5] != 'HTTP_':
            name = 'HTTP_%s' % name
        return environ.get(name, default)

    get_header = getHeader  # BBB

    def get(self, key, default=None, returnTaints=0,
            URLmatch=re.compile('URL(PATH)?([0-9]+)$').match,
            BASEmatch=re.compile('BASE(PATH)?([0-9]+)$').match,
            ):
        """Get a variable value

        Return a value for the required variable name.
        The value will be looked up from one of the request data
        categories. The search order is environment variables,
        other variables, form data, and then cookies.

        """ #"
        other = self.other
        if other.has_key(key):
            if key == 'REQUEST':
                return self
            return other[key]

        if key[:1] == 'U':
            match = URLmatch(key)
            if match is not None:
                pathonly, n = match.groups()
                path = self._script + self._steps
                n = len(path) - int(n)
                if n < 0:
                    raise KeyError, key
                if pathonly:
                    path = [''] + path[:n]
                else:
                    path = [other['SERVER_URL']] + path[:n]
                URL = '/'.join(path)
                if other.has_key('PUBLISHED'):
                    # Don't cache URLs until publishing traversal is done.
                    other[key] = URL
                    self._urls = self._urls + (key,)
                return URL

        if isCGI_NAME(key) or key[:5] == 'HTTP_':
            environ = self.environ
            if environ.has_key(key) and (not hide_key(key)):
                return environ[key]
            return ''

        if key == 'REQUEST':
            return self

        if key[:1] == 'B':
            match = BASEmatch(key)
            if match is not None:
                pathonly, n = match.groups()
                path = self._steps
                n = int(n)
                if n:
                    n = n - 1
                    if len(path) < n:
                        raise KeyError, key

                    v = self._script + path[:n]
                else:
                    v = self._script[:-1]
                if pathonly:
                    v.insert(0, '')
                else:
                    v.insert(0, other['SERVER_URL'])
                URL = '/'.join(v)
                if other.has_key('PUBLISHED'):
                    # Don't cache URLs until publishing traversal is done.
                    other[key] = URL
                    self._urls = self._urls + (key,)
                return URL

            if key == 'BODY' and self._file is not None:
                p = self._file.tell()
                self._file.seek(0)
                v = self._file.read()
                self._file.seek(p)
                self.other[key] = v
                return v

            if key == 'BODYFILE' and self._file is not None:
                v = self._file
                self.other[key] = v
                return v

        v = self.common.get(key, _marker)
        if v is not _marker:
            return v

        if self._lazies:
            v = self._lazies.get(key, _marker)
            if v is not _marker:
                if callable(v):
                    v = v()
                self[key] = v                   # Promote lazy value
                del self._lazies[key]
                return v

        # Return tainted data first (marked as suspect)
        if returnTaints:
            v = self.taintedform.get(key, _marker)
            if v is not _marker:
                other[key] = v
                return v

        # Untrusted data *after* trusted data
        v = self.form.get(key, _marker)
        if v is not _marker:
            other[key] = v
            return v

        # Return tainted data first (marked as suspect)
        if returnTaints:
            v = self.taintedcookies.get(key, _marker)
            if v is not _marker:
                other[key] = v
                return v

        # Untrusted data *after* trusted data
        v = self.cookies.get(key, _marker)
        if v is not _marker:
            other[key] = v
            return v

        return default

    def __getitem__(self, key, default=_marker, returnTaints=0):
        v = self.get(key, default, returnTaints=returnTaints)
        if v is _marker:
            raise KeyError, key
        return v

    # Using the getattr protocol to retrieve form values and similar
    # is discouraged and is likely to be deprecated in the future.
    # request.get(key) or request[key] should be used instead
    def __getattr__(self, key, default=_marker, returnTaints=0):
        v = self.get(key, default, returnTaints=returnTaints)
        if v is _marker:
            if key == 'locale':
                # we only create the _locale on first access, as setting it
                # up might be slow and we don't want to slow down every
                # request
                if self._locale is _marker:
                    self.setupLocale()
                return self._locale
            if key == 'debug':
                return self._debug
            raise AttributeError, key
        return v

    def set_lazy(self, key, callable):
        self._lazies[key] = callable

    def has_key(self, key, returnTaints=0):
        try:
            self.__getitem__(key, returnTaints=returnTaints)
        except:
            return 0
        else:
            return 1

    def keys(self, returnTaints=0):
        keys = {}
        keys.update(self.common)
        keys.update(self._lazies)

        for key in self.environ.keys():
            if (isCGI_NAME(key) or key[:5] == 'HTTP_') and (not hide_key(key)):
                keys[key] = 1

        # Cache URLN and BASEN in self.other.
        # This relies on a side effect of has_key.
        n = 0
        while 1:
            n = n + 1
            key = "URL%s" % n
            if not self.has_key(key):
                break

        n = 0
        while 1:
            n = n + 1
            key = "BASE%s" % n
            if not self.has_key(key):
                break

        keys.update(self.other)
        keys.update(self.cookies)
        if returnTaints:
            keys.update(self.taintedcookies)
        keys.update(self.form)
        if returnTaints:
            keys.update(self.taintedform)

        keys = keys.keys()
        keys.sort()

        return keys

    def __str__(self):
        result = "<h3>form</h3><table>"
        row = '<tr valign="top" align="left"><th>%s</th><td>%s</td></tr>'
        for k,v in _filterPasswordFields(self.form.items()):
            result = result + row % (escape(k), escape(repr(v)))
        result = result + "</table><h3>cookies</h3><table>"
        for k,v in _filterPasswordFields(self.cookies.items()):
            result = result + row % (escape(k), escape(repr(v)))
        result = result + "</table><h3>lazy items</h3><table>"
        for k,v in _filterPasswordFields(self._lazies.items()):
            result = result + row % (escape(k), escape(repr(v)))
        result = result + "</table><h3>other</h3><table>"
        for k,v in _filterPasswordFields(self.other.items()):
            if k in ('PARENTS','RESPONSE'):
                continue
            result = result + row % (escape(k), escape(repr(v)))

        for n in "0123456789":
            key = "URL%s"%n
            try:
                result = result + row % (key, escape(self[key]))
            except KeyError:
                pass
        for n in "0123456789":
            key = "BASE%s"%n
            try:
                result = result + row % (key, escape(self[key]))
            except KeyError:
                pass

        result = result + "</table><h3>environ</h3><table>"
        for k,v in self.environ.items():
            if not hide_key(k):
                result = result + row % (escape(k), escape(repr(v)))
        return result + "</table>"

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s, URL=%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.get('URL'))

    def text(self):
        result = "FORM\n\n"
        row = '%-20s %s\n'
        for k, v in self.form.items():
            result = result + row % (k, repr(v))
        result = result + "\nCOOKIES\n\n"
        for k, v in self.cookies.items():
            result = result + row % (k, repr(v))
        result = result + "\nLAZY ITEMS\n\n"
        for k, v in self._lazies.items():
            result = result + row % (k, repr(v))
        result = result + "\nOTHER\n\n"
        for k, v in self.other.items():
            if k in ('PARENTS','RESPONSE'):
                continue
            result = result + row % (k, repr(v))

        for n in "0123456789":
            key = "URL%s"%n
            try:
                result = result + row % (key, self[key])
            except KeyError:
                pass
        for n in "0123456789":
            key = "BASE%s"%n
            try:
                result = result + row % (key, self[key])
            except KeyError:
                pass

        result = result + "\nENVIRON\n\n"
        for k,v in self.environ.items():
            if not hide_key(k):
                result = result + row % (k, v)
        return result

    def _authUserPW(self):
        global base64
        auth = self._auth
        if auth:
            if auth[:6].lower() == 'basic ':
                if base64 is None:
                    import base64
                [name,password] = \
                    base64.decodestring(auth.split()[-1]).split(':', 1)
                return name, password

    def taintWrapper(self, enabled=TAINTING_ENABLED):
        return enabled and TaintRequestWrapper(self) or self

    def shiftNameToApplication(self):
        """see zope.publisher.interfaces.http.IVirtualHostRequest"""
        # this is needed for ++skin++

    def getURL(self):
        return self.URL

class TaintRequestWrapper:
    def __init__(self, req):
        self._req = req

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        if key in ('get', '__getitem__', '__getattr__', 'has_key', 'keys'):
            return TaintMethodWrapper(getattr(self._req, key))
        if not key in self._req.keys():
            item = getattr(self._req, key, _marker)
            if item is not _marker:
                return item
        return self._req.__getattr__(key, returnTaints=1)


class TaintMethodWrapper:
    def __init__(self, method):
        self._method = method

    def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
        kw['returnTaints'] = 1
        return self._method(*args, **kw)


def has_codec(x):
    try:
        codecs.lookup(x)
    except (LookupError, SystemError):
        return 0
    else:
        return 1


def sane_environment(env):
    # return an environment mapping which has been cleaned of
    # funny business such as REDIRECT_ prefixes added by Apache
    # or HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION hacks.
    dict = {}
    for key, val in env.items():
        while key[:9] == 'REDIRECT_':
            key = key[9:]
        dict[key] = val
    if dict.has_key('HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION'):
        dict['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'] = dict['HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION']
        try:
            del dict['HTTP_CGI_AUTHORIZATION']
        except:
            pass
    return dict


class ZopeFieldStorage(FieldStorage):

    def make_file(self, binary=None):
        return tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w+b")


# Original version: zope.publisher.browser.FileUpload
class FileUpload:
    '''File upload objects

    File upload objects are used to represent file-uploaded data.

    File upload objects can be used just like files.

    In addition, they have a 'headers' attribute that is a dictionary
    containing the file-upload headers, and a 'filename' attribute
    containing the name of the uploaded file.
    '''

    # Allow access to attributes such as headers and filename so
    # that protected code can use DTML to work with FileUploads.
    __allow_access_to_unprotected_subobjects__ = 1

    def __init__(self, aFieldStorage):

        file = aFieldStorage.file
        if hasattr(file, '__methods__'):
            methods = file.__methods__
        else:
            methods = ['close', 'fileno', 'flush', 'isatty',
                'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'seek',
                'tell', 'truncate', 'write', 'writelines',
                '__iter__','next', 'name'] # see Collector 1837

        d = self.__dict__
        for m in methods:
            if hasattr(file,m):
                d[m] = getattr(file,m)

        self.headers = aFieldStorage.headers
        self.filename = aFieldStorage.filename

        # Add an assertion to the rfc822.Message object that implements
        # self.headers so that managed code can access them.
        try:
            self.headers.__allow_access_to_unprotected_subobjects__ = 1
        except:
            pass

    def __nonzero__(self):
        """FileUpload objects are considered false if their
           filename is empty.
        """
        return not not self.filename

    def xreadlines(self):
        return self


parse_cookie_lock = allocate_lock()
QPARMRE= re.compile(
        '([\x00- ]*([^\x00- ;,="]+)="([^"]*)"([\x00- ]*[;,])?[\x00- ]*)')
PARMRE = re.compile(
        '([\x00- ]*([^\x00- ;,="]+)=([^;]*)([\x00- ]*[;,])?[\x00- ]*)')
PARAMLESSRE = re.compile(
        '([\x00- ]*([^\x00- ;,="]+)[\x00- ]*[;,][\x00- ]*)')
def parse_cookie(text,
                 result=None,
                 qparmre=QPARMRE,
                 parmre=PARMRE,
                 paramlessre=PARAMLESSRE,
                 acquire=parse_cookie_lock.acquire,
                 release=parse_cookie_lock.release,
                 ):

    if result is None:
        result = {}
    already_have = result.has_key

    acquire()
    try:

        mo_q = qparmre.match(text)

        if mo_q:
            # Match quoted correct cookies
            l = len(mo_q.group(1))
            name = mo_q.group(2)
            value = mo_q.group(3)

        else:
            # Match evil MSIE cookies ;)
            mo_p = parmre.match(text)

            if mo_p:
                l = len(mo_p.group(1))
                name = mo_p.group(2)
                value = mo_p.group(3)
            else:
                # Broken Cookie without = nor value.
                broken_p = paramlessre.match(text)
                if broken_p:
                    l = len(broken_p.group(1))
                    name = broken_p.group(2)
                    value = ''
                else:
                    return result
    finally:
        release()

    if not already_have(name):
        result[name] = unquote(value)

    return apply(parse_cookie,(text[l:],result))

# add class
class record:

    # Allow access to record methods and values from DTML
    __allow_access_to_unprotected_subobjects__ = 1
    _guarded_writes = 1

    def __getattr__(self, key, default=None):
        if key in ('get',
                   'keys',
                   'items',
                   'values',
                   'copy',
                   'has_key',
                   '__contains__',
                   '__iter__',
                   '__len__',
                  ):
            return getattr(self.__dict__, key)
        raise AttributeError, key

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.__dict__[key]

    def __str__(self):
        L1 = self.__dict__.items()
        L1.sort()
        return ", ".join(map(lambda item: "%s: %s" % item, L1))

    def __repr__(self):
        #return repr( self.__dict__ )
        L1 = self.__dict__.items()
        L1.sort()
        return '{%s}' % ', '.join(
            map(lambda item: "'%s': %s" % (item[0], repr(item[1])), L1))

    def __cmp__(self, other):
        return (cmp(type(self), type(other)) or
                cmp(self.__class__, other.__class__) or
                cmp(self.__dict__.items(), other.__dict__.items()))


#   Collector #777:  filter out request fields which contain 'passw'
def _filterPasswordFields(items):

    result = []

    for k, v in items:

        if 'passw' in k.lower():
            v = '<password obscured>'

        result.append((k, v))

    return result
