# Coverage for pygeodesy/geohash.py : 96%

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Transcribed from JavaScript originals by I{(C) Chris Veness 2011-2015} and published under the same MIT Licence**, see U{Geohashes <https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/geohash.html>}. See also U{Geohash<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Geohash>}, U{Geohash<https://GitHub.com/vinsci/geohash>}, U{PyGeohash<https://PyPI.org/project/pygeohash>} and U{Geohash-Javascript<https://GitHub.com/DaveTroy/geohash-js>}. @newfield example: Example, Examples ''' from pygeodesy.basics import EPS, R_M, _IsNotError, isstr, map2, \ property_RO from pygeodesy.dms import parse3llh, parseDMS2 from pygeodesy.fmath import favg from pygeodesy.formy import equirectangular, equirectangular_, haversine_ from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_LAZY from pygeodesy.named import Bounds2Tuple, Bounds4Tuple, LatLon2Tuple, \ _NamedStr, Neighbors8Dict from pygeodesy.streprs import fstr from pygeodesy.utily import unrollPI from math import ldexp, log10, radians # all public contants, classes and functions __all__ = _ALL_LAZY.geohash + ('bounds', # functions 'decode', 'decode_error', 'distance1', 'distance2', 'distance3', 'encode', 'neighbors', 'precision', 'resolution2', 'sizes') __version__ = '20.03.10' _Border = dict( N=('prxz', 'bcfguvyz'), S=('028b', '0145hjnp'), E=('bcfguvyz', 'prxz'), W=('0145hjnp', '028b')) _MaxPrec = 12 _Neighbor = dict( N=('p0r21436x8zb9dcf5h7kjnmqesgutwvy', 'bc01fg45238967deuvhjyznpkmstqrwx'), S=('14365h7k9dcfesgujnmqp0r2twvyx8zb', '238967debc01fg45kmstqrwxuvhjyznp'), E=('bc01fg45238967deuvhjyznpkmstqrwx', 'p0r21436x8zb9dcf5h7kjnmqesgutwvy'), W=('238967debc01fg45kmstqrwxuvhjyznp', '14365h7k9dcfesgujnmqp0r2twvyx8zb')) # lat-, longitudinal and radial cell size (in meter) _Sizes = ( # radius = sqrt(latHeight * lonWidth / PI) (20032e3, 20000e3, 11292815.096), # 0 ( 5003e3, 5000e3, 2821794.075), # 1 ( 650e3, 1225e3, 503442.397), # 2 ( 156e3, 156e3, 88013.575), # 3 ( 19500, 39100, 15578.683), # 4 ( 4890, 4890, 2758.887), # 5 ( 610, 1220, 486.710), # 6 ( 153, 153, 86.321), # 7 ( 19.1, 38.2, 15.239), # 8 ( 4.77, 4.77, 2.691), # 9 ( 0.596, 1.19, 0.475), # 10 ( 0.149, 0.149, 0.084), # 11 ( 0.0186, 0.0372, 0.015)) # 12 _MaxPrec # Geohash-specific base32 map _GeohashBase32 = '0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz' # ... and the inverse map _DecodedBase32 = dict((c, i) for i, c in enumerate(_GeohashBase32)) c = i = None del c, i def _2bounds(s, w, n, e, LatLon, kwds): '''(INTERNAL) return SW and NE bounds. ''' return Bounds4Tuple(s, w, n, e) if LatLon is None else \ Bounds2Tuple(LatLon(s, w, **kwds), LatLon(n, e, **kwds)) # PYCHOK inconsistent def _2fll(lat, lon, *unused): '''(INTERNAL) Convert lat, lon to 2-tuple of floats. ''' return parseDMS2(lat, lon) def _2Geohash(geohash): '''(INTERNAL) Check or create a Geohash instance. ''' if not isinstance(geohash, Geohash): try: geohash = Geohash(geohash) except (TypeError, ValueError): raise _IsNotError(Geohash.__name__, str.__name__, 'LatLon', geohash=geohash) return geohash def _2geostr(geohash): '''(INTERNAL) Check a geohash string. ''' try: if not (0 < len(geohash) <= _MaxPrec): raise ValueError geostr = geohash.lower() for c in geostr: if c not in _DecodedBase32: raise ValueError except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError): raise GeohashError('%s: %r[%s]' % (Geohash.__name__, geohash, len(geohash))) return geostr class GeohashError(ValueError): '''Geohash encode, decode or other L{Geohash} issue. ''' pass class Geohash(_NamedStr): '''Geohash class, a L{_NamedStr}. ''' _bounds = None # cached bounds property _latlon = None # cached latlon property _N = None # cached neighbors properties _E = None _S = None _W = None # no str.__init__ in Python 3 def __new__(cls, cll, precision=None, name=''): '''New L{Geohash} from an other L{Geohash} instance or C{str} or from a C{LatLon} instance or C{str}. @param cll: Cell or location (L{Geohash} or C{str}, C{LatLon} or C{str}). @keyword precision: Optional, the desired geohash length (C{int} 1..12), see function L{geohash.encode} for examples. @keyword name: Optional name (C{str}). @return: New L{Geohash}. @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{cll}}. @raise GeohashError: INValid or non-alphanumeric B{C{cll}}. ''' if isinstance(cll, Geohash): gh = _2geostr(str(cll)) self = str.__new__(cls, gh) elif isstr(cll): if ',' in cll: lat, lon = _2fll(*parse3llh(cll)) gh = encode(lat, lon, precision=precision) self = str.__new__(cls, gh) self._latlon = lat, lon else: gh = _2geostr(cll) self = str.__new__(cls, gh) else: # assume LatLon try: lat, lon = _2fll(cll.lat, cll.lon) except AttributeError: raise TypeError('%s: %r' % (Geohash.__name__, cll)) gh = encode(lat, lon, precision=precision) self = str.__new__(cls, gh) self._latlon = lat, lon if name: self.name = name return self @property_RO def ab(self): '''Get the lat- and longitude of (the approximate center of) this geohash as a 2-tuple (lat, lon) in C{radians}. ''' return map2(radians, self.latlon) def adjacent(self, direction): '''Determine the adjacent cell in given compass direction. @param direction: Compass direction ('N', 'S', 'E' or 'W'). @return: Geohash of adjacent cell (L{Geohash}). @raise GeohashError: Invalid geohash or B{C{direction}}. ''' # based on <https://GitHub.com/DaveTroy/geohash-js> d = direction[:1].upper() if d not in _Neighbor: raise GeohashError('%s invalid: %s' % ('direction', direction)) e = len(self) & 1 # % 2 c = self[-1:] # last hash char i = _Neighbor[d][e].find(c) if i < 0: raise GeohashError('%s invalid: %s' % ('geohash', self)) p = self[:-1] # hash without last char # check for edge-cases which don't share common prefix if p and (c in _Border[d][e]): p = Geohash(p).adjacent(d) # append letter for direction to parent return Geohash(p + _GeohashBase32[i]) def bounds(self, LatLon=None, **kwds): '''Return the lower-left SW and upper-right NE bounds of this geohash cell. @keyword LatLon: Optional (sub-)class to return I{bounds} (C{LatLon}) or C{None}. @keyword kwds: Optional keyword arguments for I{LatLon}. @return: A L{Bounds2Tuple}C{(latlonSW, latlonNE)} as B{C{LatLon}} or a L{Bounds4Tuple}C{(latS, lonW, latN, lonE)} if B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}. ''' if not self._bounds: self._bounds = bounds(self) return _2bounds(*(self._bounds + (LatLon, kwds))) def distance1(self, other): '''DEPRECATED, use method C{distance1To}. ''' return self.distance1To(other) # PYCHOK no cover def distance1To(self, other): '''Estimate the distance between this and an other geohash (from the cell sizes). @param other: The other geohash (L{Geohash}). @return: Approximate distance (C{meter}). @raise TypeError: The B{C{other}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. ''' other = _2Geohash(other) n = min(len(self), len(other), len(_Sizes)) for n in range(n): if self[n] != other[n]: break return float(_Sizes[n][2]) def distance2(self, other, radius=R_M, adjust=False, wrap=False): '''DEPRECATED, use method C{distance2To}. ''' return self.distance2To(other, radius=radius, adjust=adjust, wrap=wrap) # PYCHOK no cover def distance2To(self, other, radius=R_M, adjust=False, wrap=False): '''Compute the distance between this and an other geohash using the U{Equirectangular Approximation / Projection <https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong.html>}. @param other: The other geohash (L{Geohash}). @keyword radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}) or C{None}. @keyword adjust: Adjust the wrapped, unrolled longitudinal delta by the cosine of the mean latitude (C{bool}). @keyword wrap: Wrap and unroll longitudes (C{bool}). @return: Approximate distance (C{meter}, same units as I{radius}) or distance squared (C{degrees} squared) if I{radius} is C{None} or 0. @raise TypeError: The I{other} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @see: U{Local, flat earth approximation <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>}, functions ''' other = _2Geohash(other) a1, b1 = self.latlon a2, b2 = other.latlon if radius: return equirectangular(a1, b1, a2, b2, radius=radius, adjust=adjust, limit=None, wrap=wrap) else: return equirectangular_(a1, b1, a2, b2, adjust=adjust, limit=None, wrap=wrap)[0] def distance3(self, other, radius=R_M, wrap=False): '''DEPRECATED, use method C{distance3To}. ''' return self.distance3To(other, radius=radius, wrap=wrap) # PYCHOK no cover def distance3To(self, other, radius=R_M, wrap=False): '''Compute the great-circle distance between this and an other geohash using the U{Haversine <https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong.html>} formula. @param other: The other geohash (L{Geohash}). @keyword radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}). @keyword wrap: Wrap and unroll longitudes (C{bool}). @return: Great-circle distance (C{meter}, same units as I{radius}). @raise TypeError: The I{other} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. ''' other = _2Geohash(other) a1, b1 = self.ab a2, b2 = other.ab db, _ = unrollPI(b1, b2, wrap=wrap) return haversine_(a2, a1, db) * float(radius) @property_RO def latlon(self): '''Get the lat- and longitude of (the approximate center of) this geohash as a 2-tuple (lat, lon) in C{degrees}. B{Example:} >>> geohash.Geohash('geek').latlon # 65.478515625, -17.75390625 >>> geohash.decode('geek') # '65.48', '-17.75' ''' # B{Example:} not @example: since that causes Epydoc error if not self._latlon: s, w, n, e = self.bounds() self._latlon = favg(n, s), favg(e, w) return self._latlon @property_RO def neighbors(self): '''Get all 8 adjacent cells as a L{Neighbors8Dict}C{(N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW)} of L{Geohash}es. B{JSname:} I{neighbours}. ''' r = Neighbors8Dict(N=self.N, NE=self.NE, E=self.E, SE=self.SE, S=self.S, SW=self.SW, W=self.W, NW=self.NW) return self._xnamed(r) @property_RO def precision(self): '''Get this geohash's precision (C{int}). ''' return len(self) @property_RO def sizes(self): '''Get the lat- and longitudinal size of this cell as a L{LatLon2Tuple}C{(lat, lon)} with the latitudinal height and longitudinal width in (C{meter}). ''' n = min(len(_Sizes) - 1, self.precision or 1) return LatLon2Tuple(*map2(float, _Sizes[n][:2])) def toLatLon(self, LatLon, **kwds): '''Return (the approximate center of) this geohash cell as an instance of the supplied C{LatLon} class. @param LatLon: Class to use (C{LatLon}). @keyword kwds: Optional keyword arguments for B{C{LatLon}}. @return: This geohash location (B{C{LatLon}}). @raise GeohashError: B{C{LatLon}} invalid. @example: >>> from sphericalTrigonometry import LatLon >>> ll = Geohash('u120fxw').toLatLon(LatLon) >>> print(repr(ll)) # LatLon(52°12′17.9″N, 000°07′07.64″E) >>> print(ll) # 52.204971°N, 000.11879°E ''' if not LatLon: raise GeohashError('%s invalid: %r' % ('LatLon', LatLon)) return self._xnamed(LatLon(*self.latlon, **kwds)) @property_RO def N(self): '''Get the cell North of this (L{Geohash}). ''' if self._N is None: self._N = self.adjacent('N') return self._N @property_RO def S(self): '''Get the cell South of this (L{Geohash}). ''' if self._S is None: self._S = self.adjacent('S') return self._S @property_RO def E(self): '''Get the cell East of this (L{Geohash}). ''' if self._E is None: self._E = self.adjacent('E') return self._E @property_RO def W(self): '''Get the cell West of this (L{Geohash}). ''' if self._W is None: self._W = self.adjacent('W') return self._W @property_RO def NE(self): '''Get the cell NorthEast of this (L{Geohash}). ''' return self.N.E @property_RO def NW(self): '''Get the cell NorthWest of this (L{Geohash}). ''' return self.N.W @property_RO def SE(self): '''Get the cell SouthEast of this (L{Geohash}). ''' return self.S.E @property_RO def SW(self): '''Get the cell SouthWest of this (L{Geohash}). ''' return self.S.W def bounds(geohash, LatLon=None, **kwds): '''Returns the lower-left SW and upper-right NE corners of a geohash. @param geohash: To be bound (L{Geohash}). @keyword LatLon: Optional (sub-)class to return the bounds (C{LatLon}) or C{None}. @keyword kwds: Optional keyword arguments for B{C{LatLon}}. @return: A L{Bounds2Tuple}C{(latlonSW, latlonNE)} as B{C{LatLon}} or a L{Bounds4Tuple}C{(latS, lonW, latN, lonE)} if B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}. @raise TypeError: The B{C{geohash}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @raise GeohashError: Invalid or null B{C{geohash}}. @example: >>> geohash.bounds('u120fxw') # 52.20428467, 0.11810303, # 52.20565796, 0.11947632 >>> geohash.decode('u120fxw') # '52.205', '0.1188' ''' geohash = _2Geohash(geohash) if len(geohash) < 1: raise GeohashError('%s invalid: %s' % ('geohash', geohash)) s, n = -90, 90 w, e = -180, 180 d = True for c in geohash: # .lower(): try: i = _DecodedBase32[c] except KeyError: raise GeohashError('%s invalid: %s' % ('geohash', geohash)) for m in (16, 8, 4, 2, 1): if d: # longitude if i & m: w = favg(w, e) else: e = favg(w, e) else: # latitude if i & m: s = favg(s, n) else: n = favg(s, n) d = not d return _2bounds(s, w, n, e, LatLon, kwds) def decode(geohash): '''Decode a geohash to lat-/longitude of the (approximate centre of) geohash cell, to reasonable precision. @param geohash: To be decoded (L{Geohash}). @return: 2-Tuple C{"(latStr, lonStr)"} in (C{str}). @raise TypeError: The B{C{geohash}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @raise GeohashError: Invalid or null B{C{geohash}}. @example: >>> geohash.decode('u120fxw') # '52.205', '0.1188' >>> geohash.decode('sunny') # '23.708', '42.473' Saudi Arabia >>> geohash.decode('fur') # '69.6', '-45.7' Greenland >>> geohash.decode('reef') # '-24.87', '162.95' Coral Sea >>> geohash.decode('geek') # '65.48', '-17.75' Iceland ''' s, w, n, e = bounds(geohash) # round to near centre without excessive precision # ⌊2-log10(Δ°)⌋ decimal places, strip trailing zeros lat = fstr(favg(n, s), prec=int(2 - log10(n - s))) lon = fstr(favg(e, w), prec=int(2 - log10(e - w))) return lat, lon # strings def decode_error(geohash): '''Return the relative lat-/longitude decoding errors for this geohash. @param geohash: To be decoded (L{Geohash}). @return: A L{LatLon2Tuple}C{(lat, lon)} with the lat- and longitudinal errors in (C{degrees}). @raise TypeError: The B{C{geohash}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @raise GeohashError: Invalid or null B{C{geohash}}. @example: >>> geohash.decode_error('u120fxw') # 0.00068665, 0.00068665 >>> geohash.decode_error('fur') # 0.703125, 0.703125 >>> geohash.decode_error('fu') # 2.8125, 5.625 >>> geohash.decode_error('f') # 22.5, 22.5 ''' s, w, n, e = bounds(geohash) return LatLon2Tuple((n - s) * 0.5, (e - w) * 0.5) def distance1(geohash1, geohash2): '''Estimate the distance between two geohash (from the cell sizes). @param geohash1: First geohash (L{Geohash}). @param geohash2: Second geohash (L{Geohash}). @return: Approximate distance (C{meter}). @raise TypeError: If B{C{geohash1}} or B{C{geohash2}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @example: >>> geohash.distance1('u120fxwsh', 'u120fxws0') # 15.239 ''' return _2Geohash(geohash1).distance1(geohash2) def distance2(geohash1, geohash2, radius=R_M): '''Approximate the distance between two geohashes (with Pythagoras' theorem). @param geohash1: First geohash (L{Geohash}). @param geohash2: Second geohash (L{Geohash}). @keyword radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}) or C{None}. @return: Approximate distance (C{meter}, same units as B{C{radius}}). @raise TypeError: If B{C{geohash1}} or B{C{geohash2}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @example: >>> geohash.distance2('u120fxwsh', 'u120fxws0') # 19.0879 ''' return _2Geohash(geohash1).distance2(geohash2, radius=radius) def distance3(geohash1, geohash2, radius=R_M): '''Compute the great-circle distance between two geohashes (using the Haversine formula). @param geohash1: First geohash (L{Geohash}). @param geohash2: Second geohash (L{Geohash}). @keyword radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}). @return: Great-circle distance (C{meter}, same units as B{C{radius}}). @raise TypeError: If B{C{geohash1}} or B{C{geohash2}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @example: >>> geohash.distance3('u120fxwsh', 'u120fxws0') # 11.6978 ''' return _2Geohash(geohash1).distance3(geohash2, radius=radius) def encode(lat, lon, precision=None): '''Encode a lat-/longitude as a C{geohash}, either to the specified precision or if not provided, to an automatically evaluated precision. @param lat: Latitude (C{degrees}). @param lon: Longitude (C{degrees}). @keyword precision: Optional, the desired geohash length (C{int} 1..12). @return: The C{geohash} (C{str}). @raise GeohashError: Invalid B{C{lat}}, B{C{lon}} or B{C{precision}}. @example: >>> geohash.encode(52.205, 0.119, 7) # 'u120fxw' >>> geohash.encode(52.205, 0.119, 12) # 'u120fxwshvkg' >>> geohash.encode(52.205, 0.1188, 12) # 'u120fxws0jre' >>> geohash.encode(52.205, 0.1188) # 'u120fxw' >>> geohash.encode( 0, 0) # 's00000000000' ''' lat, lon = _2fll(lat, lon) if precision: try: p = int(precision) if not 0 < p <= _MaxPrec: raise ValueError except (TypeError, ValueError): raise GeohashError('%s invalid: %r' % ('precision', precision)) else: # Infer precision by refining geohash until # it matches precision of supplied lat/lon. for p in range(1, _MaxPrec + 1): gh = encode(lat, lon, p) ll = map2(float, decode(gh)) if abs(lat - ll[0]) < EPS and \ abs(lon - ll[1]) < EPS: return gh p = _MaxPrec latS, latN = -90, 90 lonW, lonE = -180, 180 b = i = 0 e, gh = True, [] while len(gh) < p: i += i if e: # bisect longitude m = favg(lonE, lonW) if lon < m: lonE = m else: lonW = m i += 1 else: # bisect latitude m = favg(latN, latS) if lat < m: latN = m else: latS = m i += 1 e = not e b += 1 if b == 5: # 5 bits gives a character: # append it and start over gh.append(_GeohashBase32[i]) b = i = 0 return ''.join(gh) def neighbors(geohash): '''Return the L{Geohash}es for all 8 adjacent cells. @param geohash: Cell for which neighbors are requested (L{Geohash} or C{str}). @return: A L{Neighbors8Dict}C{(N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW)} of L{Geohash}es. @raise TypeError: The B{C{geohash}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. @JSname: I{neighbours}. ''' return _2Geohash(geohash).neighbors def precision(res1, res2=None): '''Determine the L{Geohash} precisions to meet a given (geographic) resolutions. @param res1: The required, primary (longitudinal) resolution (C{degrees}). @keyword res2: Optional, required, secondary (latitudinal resolution (C{degrees}). @return: The L{Geohash} precision or length (C{int} 1..12). @see: C++ class U{Geohash <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html>}. ''' r2 = abs(res1), abs(res1 if res2 is None else res2) for p in range(1, _MaxPrec): if resolution2(p, None if res2 is None else p) <= r2: return p return _MaxPrec def resolution2(prec1, prec2=None): '''Determine the (geographic) resolutions of given L{Geohash} precisions. @param prec1: The given primary (longitudinal) precision (C{int} 1..12). @keyword prec2: Optional, secondary (latitudinal) precision (C{int} 1..12). @return: 2-Tuple (C{res1, res2}) with the (geographic) resolutions (C{degrees}) where C{res2} is C{res1} if no I{prec2} is given. @see: C++ class U{Geohash <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/classGeographicLib_1_1Geohash.html>}. ''' res1, res2 = 360.0, 180.0 if prec1: p = 5 * max(0, min(int(prec1), _MaxPrec)) res1 = ldexp(res1, -(p - p // 2)) if prec2: p = 5 * max(0, min(int(prec2), _MaxPrec)) res2 = ldexp(res2, -(p // 2)) elif prec2 is None: res2 = res1 return res1, res2 def sizes(geohash): '''Return the lat- and longitudinal size of this L{Geohash} cell. @param geohash: Cell for which size are required (L{Geohash} or C{str}). @return: A L{LatLon2Tuple}C{(lat, lon)} with the latitudinal height and longitudinal width in (C{meter}). @raise TypeError: The B{C{geohash}} is not a L{Geohash}, C{LatLon} or C{str}. ''' return _2Geohash(geohash).sizes # **) MIT License # # Copyright (C) 2016-2020 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved. # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a # copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), # to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation # the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, # and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the # Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included # in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS # OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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